GSN Optical: How to solve the problem

The Gigabyte System Network (GSN) standard specifies two media for connection: a Copper Cable connection, used up to now, and a Fibre Optics connection using a 12 channel flat cable. As no work had been done on the optical connection up to now, it was decided to start a project in this direction at CERN in collaboration with industry. It is explained why a different approach was taken to that foreseen as a GSN optical standard and how an optical connection that works at the full GSN bandwidth was realised. It is now decided that this technology will be the new GSN Optical standard

Coupling GSN to SONET-OC48/SDH16

Today a new standard, the Gigabyte System Network (GSN), is emerging for computer networking using fast, full-duplex connections with an effective bandwidth of 800 MByte/s in each direction. This paper describes GSN, including the switch structure and its very low latency protocol called Scheduled Transfer (ST). An overview of available components will be given, together with some examples of how this standard can be applied in high end computing and in future high-energy physics data acquisition systems

A Structural Model of Well-being: with an application to German Data

In this paper we attempt to explain individual, ordinally comparable,satisfaction levels. We postulate a simultaneous equation model where general satisfaction is explained by exogenous shock and level variables, and by the values of the satisfactions with respect to six distinct endogenous domains of life. Taking into account that these satisfactions were categorically measured and allowing for individual effects, the model was estimated on six consecutive waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel. The results are statistically very significant and plausible.The main conclusions of this paper are:given the fact that we get stable significant and intuitively interpretable results, the assumption of interpersonal (ordinal) comparability of satisfactions cannot be rejected on the grounds that it leads to insignificant or implausible results;It is possible to explain satisfactions to a large extent by objectively measurable variables;Domain Satisfactions are strongly interrelated because of common explanatory variables;General Satisfaction may be seen as an aggregate of the six domain satisfactions

The Anatomy of Subjective Well-being

This paper contributes to the literature on subjective well-being (SWB) by taking into account different aspects of life, called domains, such as health, financial situation, job, leisure, housing, and environment. We postulate a two-layer model where individual total SWB depends on the different subjective domain satisfactions. A distinction is made between long-term and short-term effects. The individual domain satisfactions depend on objectively measurable variables, such as income. The model is estimated using a large German panel data set

An Unusual Case of Human Rabies Thought to be of Chiropteran Origin

On 21 February 1970 a White male patient died in the H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, Pretoria after a 5-day illness diagnosed clinically as rabies. The source of exposure to the disease was reported to be a bat bite sustained approximately 5 weeks earlier. Fluorescent antibody (FA) tests using standard conjugate on the deceased's brain were negative but Negri bodies were found histologically in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. A strain of rabies virus not demonstrable with standard FA conjugate was isolated from brain tissue. Specific FA conjugate prepared from this virus revealed the presence of typical rabies fluorescent inclusions in the brain of the deceased

Impact of cardiac interoception cues and confidence on voluntary decisions to make or withhold action in an intentional inhibition task

Interoceptive signals concerning the internal physiological state of the body influence motivational feelings and action decisions. Cardiovascular arousal may facilitate inhibition to mitigate risks of impulsive actions. Baroreceptor discharge at ventricular systole underpins afferent signalling of cardiovascular arousal. In a modified Go/NoGo task, decisions to make or withhold actions on ‘Choose’ trials were not influenced by cardiac phase, nor individual differences in heart rate variability. However, cardiac interoceptive awareness and insight predicted how frequently participants chose to act, and their speed of action: Participants with better awareness and insight tended to withhold actions and respond slower, while those with poorer awareness and insight tended to execute actions and respond faster. Moreover, self-reported trait urgency correlated negatively with intentional inhibition rates. These findings suggest that lower insight into bodily signals is linked to urges to move the body, putatively by engendering noisier sensory input into motor decision processes eliciting reactive behaviour