1,410 research outputs found
Validation of a method for measuring sperm quality and quantity in reproductive toxicity tests with pair-breeding male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
This article originally appeared in the ILAR e-Journal. It is reprinted with permission from the ILAR Journal, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council, Washington DC (www.nationalacademies.org/ilar).The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is an OECD-proposed test species routinely used in reproductive toxicity trials with suspected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The basic fecundity, endocrinology, and histopathology of reproductively active male and female fathead minnows has been well characterized, but there are few studies of the utility of male sperm concentration and motility as endpoints for use in reproductive trials. The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize the baseline sperm concentration and motility of pair-breeding male fathead minnows over their spawning cycle and (2) determine whether a repeated and nondestructive sperm
sampling protocol would influence the baseline fecundity of the fish. Pair-breeding male fathead minnows that underwent
sampling for milt three times a week for 4 weeks exhibited no significant changes in milt volume, sperm concentration, or
motility parameters up to 6 days after each spawning event. The repeated sperm sampling procedure did, however, cause a significant lowering of spawning frequencies, although this decline did not correlate with effects on fecundity as there were no significant changes in the mean total numbers of eggs laid, fertilization, and hatching successes. This study confirmed the presence of a stable background of sperm concentration and
motility parameters of pair-breeding male fathead minnows under reference conditions. The absence of any inherent “cycling” in
the magnitude of these parameters over the spawning period suggests that sperm concentration and motility could be useful
measures of male reproductive toxicity at the termination of tests in which pair-breeding males are at varying days post spawn.The research described was funded by the EU project Comparative Research on Endocrine Disrupters (COMPRENDO) Institute of Zoology Regents Park, London, contract No. EVK1-CT-2002-00129E
Ratchet Effects for Vortices in Superconductors with Periodic Pinning Arrays
Using numerical simulations we show that novel transport phenomena can occur
for vortices moving in periodic pinning arrays when two external perpendicular
ac drives are applied. In particular, we find a ratchet effect where the
vortices can have a net dc drift even in the absence of a dc drive. This
ratchet effect can occur for ac drives which create orbits that break one or
more reflection symmetries.Comment: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures; Proceedings of Third European
Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductor
Confinement and Quantization Effects in Mesoscopic Superconducting Structures
We have studied quantization and confinement effects in nanostructured
superconductors. Three different types of nanostructured samples were
investigated: individual structures (line, loop, dot), 1-dimensional (1D)
clusters of loops and 2D clusters of antidots, and finally large lattices of
antidots. Hereby, a crossover from individual elementary "plaquettes", via
clusters, to huge arrays of these elements, is realized. The main idea of our
study was to vary the boundary conditions for confinement of the
superconducting condensate by taking samples of different topology and, through
that, modifying the lowest Landau level E_LLL(H). Since the critical
temperature versus applied magnetic field T_c(H) is, in fact, E_LLL(H) measured
in temperature units, it is varied as well when the sample topology is changed
through nanostructuring. We demonstrate that in all studied nanostructured
superconductors the shape of the T_c(H) phase boundary is determined by the
confinement topology in a unique way.Comment: 28 pages, 19 EPS figures, uses LaTeX's aipproc.sty, contribution to
Euroschool on "Superconductivity in Networks and Mesoscopic Systems", held in
Siena, Italy (8-20 september 1997
Applying Physical Education Methods to Skills Teaching of Law Students
[EN] We study to what extent the “constraints-led approach” (CLA) in physical education can also be applied to skills teaching for law students. In the CLA athletes are challenged to finding their own movement solutions in a dynamic setting rather than responding to verbal cues in a fixed environment. Similarly, we experimented with the implicit acquisition of policy analysis skills in law students in preparation for pro bono client work in so-called law clinics. Although the project was cut short due to Covid-19 circumstances, preliminary outcomes suggest students feel better equipped to working with clients. We provisionally conclude that CLA skills teaching has the potential to improve skill acquisition in clinical legal education.Sluijs, J.; Gilissen, HK.; Van Look, K. (2021). Applying Physical Education Methods to Skills Teaching of Law Students. En 7th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'21). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1369-1376. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd21.2021.130471369137
Hall carrier density and magnetoresistance measurements in thin film vanadium dioxide across the metal-insulator transition
Temperature dependent magneto-transport measurements in magnetic fields of up
to 12 Tesla were performed on thin film vanadium dioxide (VO2) across the
metal-insulator transition (MIT). The Hall carrier density increases by 4
orders of magnitude at the MIT and accounts almost entirely for the resistance
change. The Hall mobility varies little across the MIT and remains low,
~0.1cm2/V sec. Electrons are found to be the major carriers on both sides of
the MIT. Small positive magnetoresistance in the semiconducting phase is
measured
Ratchet Cellular Automata
In this work we propose a ratchet effect which provides a general means of
performing clocked logic operations on discrete particles, such as single
electrons or vortices. The states are propagated through the device by the use
of an applied AC drive. We numerically demonstrate that a complete logic
architecture is realizable using this ratchet. We consider specific
nanostructured superconducting geometries using superconducting materials under
an applied magnetic field, with the positions of the individual vortices in
samples acting as the logic states. These devices can be used as the building
blocks for an alternative microelectronic architecture.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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