Prediction of Corner Mechanical Properties for Stainless Steels Due to Cold Forming

The results of a study of the degree of workhardening on stainless steel Types 304, 409, 430 and Type 3CR12 corrosion resisting steel due to cold work of forming are presented in this paper. Analytical inelastic stress-strain relationships are established for virgin tensile specimens. An equation for predicting the yield strength of comers are developed

The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength of Cold-formed Stainless Steel Beams

The findings of an investigation of the lateral torsional buckling strength of cold-formed stainless steel beams are reported in this study. The sections under consideration are cold-formed lipped channel sections spot-welded back to back to form doubly-symmetric lipped I-beams. The beams were fabricated from a modified AISI Type 409 stainless steel, designated Type 3CR12 corrosion resisting steel. The purpose of this study is to compare the experimental lateral torsional buckling strengths of doubly-symmetric beams to the theoretical predictions proposed by the ASCE Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members. It was concluded in this investigation that an acceptable prediction of beam strength may be obtained through the use of the tangent modulus approach adopted in the ASCE stainless steel design specification

Out of Equilibrium Solutions in the XYXY-Hamiltonian Mean Field model

Out of equilibrium magnetised solutions of the $XY$-Hamiltonian Mean Field ($XY$-HMF) model are build using an ensemble of integrable uncoupled pendula. Using these solutions we display an out-of equilibrium phase transition using a specific reduced set of the magnetised solutions

The Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength of Cold-formed Stainless Steel Lipped Channel Beams

The findings of an investigation into the lateral buckling strength of cold-formed singly-symmetric stainless steel beams are reported in this study. The singly-symmetric sections under consideration were lipped channel sections fabricated from a modified AISI stainless steel Type 409 designated 3CR12, a ferritic corrosion resisting steel. The purpose of this study was to compare the experimental strengths of singly-symmetric sections to the theoretical predictions proposed by the new ASCE Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members. It was concluded in this investigation that the tangent modulus approach adopted in the design specification for stainless steels, compared well with the experimental results

Eccentrically Loaded Bolted Connections for Type 304 and 3CR12 Stainless Steel Lipped Channels

In this paper the results of a study on eccentrically loaded bolted connections in lipped channels are presented. The steels chosen for this study are AISI Type 304 and Type 3CR12 stainless steel. It is concluded in this investigation that an acceptable prediction of the strength of eccentrically loaded bolted connections of stainless steel lipped channels may be obtained through the combination between the eccentric loaded equation and the normal bolted connection equations for stainless steel

Burst Strength of Type 304L Stainless Steel Tubes Subjected to Internal Pressure and External Forces

The findings of an investigation concerning the burst strength of cold-formed Type 304L stainless steel tubes subjected to internal pressure and static external forces are reported in this study. The use of cold-formed stainless steel longitudinally welded tube in pressurised processes in industry are limited due to the belief that seamless tubes have superior resistance to internal pressure. The primary objective of this study was to experimentally and theoretically describe the failure criteria for thin-walled longitudinally welded Type 304L stainless steel tubes subjected to internal pressure and static external point loads and torsion loads. Due to the diversity of the pipe manufacturing process, problem areas which were most likely to cause failures were identified. A microscopic study was done of the weld region where failure was expected in order to support the test results. It was found that cold-formed longitudinally welded Type 304L stainless steel tubes could attain very high bursting pressure values and could compete with seamless tubes in this respect. It was also found that the internal pressure was the most important criteria in tube failure and that the effect of static external forces could be neglected to a certain extent

Gravitational diffraction radiation

We show that if the visible universe is a membrane embedded in a higher-dimensional space, particles in uniform motion radiate gravitational waves because of spacetime lumpiness. This phenomenon is analogous to the electromagnetic diffraction radiation of a charge moving near to a metallic grating. In the gravitational case, the role of the metallic grating is played by the inhomogeneities of the extra-dimensional space, such as a hidden brane. We derive a general formula for gravitational diffraction radiation and apply it to a higher-dimensional scenario with flat compact extra dimensions. Gravitational diffraction radiation may carry away a significant portion of the particle's initial energy. This allows to set stringent limits on the scale of brane perturbations. Physical effects of gravitational diffraction radiation are briefly discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4. v2: References added. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.

A single-photon sampling architecture for solid-state imaging

Advances in solid-state technology have enabled the development of silicon photomultiplier sensor arrays capable of sensing individual photons. Combined with high-frequency time-to-digital converters (TDCs), this technology opens up the prospect of sensors capable of recording with high accuracy both the time and location of each detected photon. Such a capability could lead to significant improvements in imaging accuracy, especially for applications operating with low photon fluxes such as LiDAR and positron emission tomography. The demands placed on on-chip readout circuitry imposes stringent trade-offs between fill factor and spatio-temporal resolution, causing many contemporary designs to severely underutilize the technology's full potential. Concentrating on the low photon flux setting, this paper leverages results from group testing and proposes an architecture for a highly efficient readout of pixels using only a small number of TDCs, thereby also reducing both cost and power consumption. The design relies on a multiplexing technique based on binary interconnection matrices. We provide optimized instances of these matrices for various sensor parameters and give explicit upper and lower bounds on the number of TDCs required to uniquely decode a given maximum number of simultaneous photon arrivals. To illustrate the strength of the proposed architecture, we note a typical digitization result of a 120x120 photodiode sensor on a 30um x 30um pitch with a 40ps time resolution and an estimated fill factor of approximately 70%, using only 161 TDCs. The design guarantees registration and unique recovery of up to 4 simultaneous photon arrivals using a fast decoding algorithm. In a series of realistic simulations of scintillation events in clinical positron emission tomography the design was able to recover the spatio-temporal location of 98.6% of all photons that caused pixel firings.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 5 table