Dynamic trends of 100-year anthropogenic vegetation cover under the influence of the white Sea-Baltic Canal

The research problem is the study of the duration and limitation of development, chronological researching role in landscape transformations. The original features of the study conducted to develop historical and geoecological line of geograph

Problems of preserving the natural and cultural heritage of the pre-polar region - Karelian Pomorie

Karelian Pomorie is part of the historical and geographical province of Pomorie in the North-West of Russia, stretching along the coast of the White Sea within the modern polar regions of the Russian Federation: Karelia, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblast. The object of our research is the part of Pomorie area within the borders of the Republic of Karelia. On the scheme of historical and geographical zoning of Karelia, the territory received the name of the Pomorie province. The isolation of the province is associated with special landscapes - the White Sea-based basement and marine accumulative northern taiga lowlands, which determined the nature of the use of natural resources and the specialization of the economy, which have repeatedly changed in historical time. The main approach in conducting the study is historical and geographical, allowing for a retrospective analysis of changes in the natural environment and to trace the stages of interaction between the landscape and ethnic group. The nature of the region has many specific features: the landscapes of the Karelian Pomorie, due to their mobility and dynamism associated with the youthful formation, require special attention and protection. Landscapes of Pomorie possess a specific set of natural resources, determine the special nature use in the marginal coastal zone, where the seaside nature use prevailed. The landscapes of Pomorie repeatedly became tribal, accommodating for several ethnic groups (Saami, Karelian, Russian Pomorie). The interaction of the landscape and ethnos is in particular, in the specific historical nature management of each local ethnic group left traces in the form of historical and cultural monuments. Some of these objects were identified, substantiated and received a certain well-deserved status of a protected area. The problem under consideration aims to “add” the region of Karelian Pomorie to the World Map. It is necessary to show the uniqueness of the landscapes of the region, to indicate the change of ethnic groups and the specifics of their interaction with the natural environment. It is very important to assess the current state of the regional network of specially protected natural territories: to identify unresolved problems with a clearly insufficient number of specially protected natural territories, to offer solutions to this issue. The results of the interaction of ethnos and landscape are the new types of environmental management, many left "traces" of each ethnic group in the northern landscapes in the form of historical monuments of cultural heritage, including the stratigraphy of toponymic names - that were the object of studying regional geographical terminology

The analysis of the existing techniques of the ecological and geographical assessment of the regions

The modern historical geography plays an important part in the complex historical and geographical study of a region and creation of the techniques of the ecological and geographical assessment of its landscapes. The retrospective analysis of the evolution of the definition of the concept of the "ecological and geographical assessment" in the works of the leading Russian geographers showed the dependence of its treatment on the applied approaches, i.e. historical-landscape, comprehensive physical-geographical, socio-geoecological, etc. The distinction between the approaches to the ecological-geographical assessment of various Russian scientific schools is shown through practical examples. The analysis of the structure of the criteria and the set of the indicators of the ecological-geographical assessment is carried out in the paper. The potential of the stability of the landscapes, included by many authors along with the ecological and resource potentials into the structure of the ecological-geographical assessment, is important. The landscape potential assessment (ecological, natural-resource) is carried out within natural and administrative boarders. The paper considers the approaches to the integral assessment of the landscape potential based on the analysis of the duration and intensity of the territory’s development at a regional level

Geoecological Analysis of the Effects of Pipeline Transport on the Environment of Transit Regions (Voronezh Region, Russia)

Aim. To analyse the anthropogenic impacts of pipeline transport systems on the environment. The main objectives of the study include: determination of the typology of the impacts of pipeline geosystems, assessment of the geo-ecological risk for natural landscapes of the Voronezh Region and the development of geo-ecological mapping of the territory indicating the degrees of influence of pipeline transport on the environment.Material and Methods. In order to comprehensively assess the influence of the oil and gas economy, a method of fractional differentiation of the Voronezh Region has been developed for identifying regional zones according to the degree of environmental risk using a points system and subsequent calculations.Results. Geo-ecological zoning was developed of the risks of the impacts of the regional pipeline system on the environment together with the mapping of negative natural processes. An algorithm for methodical statistical calculation is proposed, including indicators of regional risk levels, the ratio of negative processes in the area of pipeline transportation, the degree of environmental friendliness of the pipeline system, and an integral indicator of the risks of influence of pipeline transport.Conclusions. The research revealed the geo-ecological situation in areas influenced by pipeline transport in the Voronezh Region. The authors have developed a program for the organisation of environmentally safe pipeline transport and have proposed an algorithm for using GIS technologies for quick analysis of the degree of risk. The rehabilitation of land disturbed by the regional pipeline system has also been taken into account and a program proposed to optimize the functioning of the system in the context of the region's social, ecological and economic challenges