Mean oil content (%), and the concentration (%) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al obtained from the 10 distillation times (DT).

<p>Mean oil content (%), and the concentration (%) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al obtained from the 10 distillation times (DT).</p

GC-FID Chromatograms of the cumin seed essential oils eluted at 5 min (top) 60 min (middle) and at 480 min DT (bottom).

<p>GC-FID Chromatograms of the cumin seed essential oils eluted at 5 min (top) 60 min (middle) and at 480 min DT (bottom).</p

Plot of Distillation time vs yield (mg/100 seed) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al along with the fitted (solid line) Power and Michaelis-Menten models.

<p>Plot of Distillation time vs yield (mg/100 seed) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al along with the fitted (solid line) Power and Michaelis-Menten models.</p

Plot of Distillation time vs oil content (%), and concentration (%) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al along with the fitted (solid line) Michaelis-Menten and Power models.

<p>Plot of Distillation time vs oil content (%), and concentration (%) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al along with the fitted (solid line) Michaelis-Menten and Power models.</p

Mean yield (mg/100 seed) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al, antioxidant capacity, ORAC (uM Trolox equiv./g), and antimalarial activity (% inhibition) of the cumin seed oils obtained from the 10 distillation times (DT).

<p>Mean yield (mg/100 seed) of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-cymene, γ-terpinene, cumin aldehyde, α-terpinen-7-al, and β-terpinen-7-al, antioxidant capacity, ORAC (uM Trolox equiv./g), and antimalarial activity (% inhibition) of the cumin seed oils obtained from the 10 distillation times (DT).</p

Mean essential oil content (%)^b, and the concentrations (%)^c of alpha-thujene, alpha-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, alpha-terpinene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, 4-terpineol, pregeijerene B, delta-cadinene, elemol, in essential oil obtained from the 11 distillation times, and podophyllotoxin content (%)^d in extracted or unextracted samples.

a<p>Within each column, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level of significance.</p>b<p>Percentage of essential oil by weight in fresh plant material.</p>c<p>Percentage of each analyte in essential oil by weight.</p>d<p>Percentage of podophyllotoxin by weight in dry needles.</p><p>Mean essential oil content (%)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106057#nt102" target="_blank">b</a>}, and the concentrations (%)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106057#nt103" target="_blank">c</a>} of alpha-thujene, alpha-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, alpha-terpinene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, 4-terpineol, pregeijerene B, delta-cadinene, elemol, in essential oil obtained from the 11 distillation times, and podophyllotoxin content (%)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106057#nt104" target="_blank">d</a>} in extracted or unextracted samples.</p

Plot of Distillation time versus the content (wt/wt%) in essential oil of elemol, alpha-pinene, pregeijerene B, limonene, sabinene, and 4-terpineol along with the fitted (solid line) Power–concave (elemol), Power-convex (alpha-pinene), third order polynomial (pregeijerene B, sabinene), and Second order polynomial (limonene, 4-terpineol) regression models.

<p>Plot of Distillation time versus the content (wt/wt%) in essential oil of elemol, alpha-pinene, pregeijerene B, limonene, sabinene, and 4-terpineol along with the fitted (solid line) Power–concave (elemol), Power-convex (alpha-pinene), third order polynomial (pregeijerene B, sabinene), and Second order polynomial (limonene, 4-terpineol) regression models.</p

Plot of Distillation time versus essential oil content (wt/wt%) and the concentration in essential oil (%) of alpha-thujene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, and delta-cadinene along with the fitted (solid line) Power–concave regression model.

<p>Plot of Distillation time versus essential oil content (wt/wt%) and the concentration in essential oil (%) of alpha-thujene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, and delta-cadinene along with the fitted (solid line) Power–concave regression model.</p

Imbibition water of weed seeds of <i>Avena fatua</i>, <i>Consolida orientalis</i>, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Agrostemma githago</i>.

Imbibition water of weed seeds of Avena fatua, Consolida orientalis, Papaver rhoeas, Agrostemma githago.</p

Mean concentration (%) of oil yield, <i>α</i>-pinene, limonene, <i>trans</i>-2,4-decadienol, cedrol and <i>β</i>-caryophyllene of intrapopulation and interpopulation variability of essential oil of <i>Juniperus excelsa</i> in Bulgaria obtained from 28 trees collected at two population reserve “Tisata” (East Pirin, location 1 and Malesjevska mountain, location 2) and the reserve “Izgoryaloto Gyune”, Krichim (location 3).

a-d = abcd. Within each column, means sharing the same letter are not significantly different.</p