Differences in metabolic and inflammatory responses in lower and upper body high-intensity intermittent exercise

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of upper and lower body high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on immunometabolism profile.Seven male judo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. The athletes completed four bouts of the upper and lower body Wingate tests separated by 3-min recovery periods. The blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after the fourth bout of lower and upper body Wingate tests. Serum was analysed for IL-1ra (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist), interleukins (IL-1) IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), cortisol, glucose, and NEFA (non-ester fatty acid). Peak power (maximum power attained during the 30 s test), mean power were calculated. In addition, after 1 and 2.5-min of each Wingate bout, blood samples from the ear lobe were collected for lactate analysis.Our data demonstrated that lower body HIIE promoted a greater metabolic rate (values pre- vs. post-Wingate, for lactate: 1.02 +/- A 0.16 vs. 14.44 +/- A 1.08 mmol/L; for glucose: 112.5 +/- A 16.7 vs. 147.9 +/- A 23.5 mg/dL) and resulted in higher mechanical (mean power: 621 +/- A 46 vs. 427 +/- A 40 W, peak power: 794 +/- A 61 vs. 602 +/- A 109 W) performance compared to the upper body HIIE (lactate: 0.85 +/- A 0.18 vs. 12.69 +/- A 0.74 mmol/L; for glucose: 115.3 +/- A 20.4 vs. 123.7 +/- A 28.6 mg/dL; mean power: 480 +/- A 46 vs. 341 +/- A 45 W; and peak power: 672 +/- A 83 vs. 501 +/- A 120 W), but NEFA showed a similar response to both conditions, with increased IL-10 levels.In conclusion, our results demonstrated that despite the higher performance in lower body HIIE, the inflammatory response did not differ between exercise modalities.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Short-term high- and moderate-intensity training modifies inflammatory and metabolic factors in response to acute exercise

To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men. Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors. The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group). Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity.8856FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2016/16712-8; 2016/12145-1; 2015/12979-7; 2015/11302-

The acute effects of thermogenic fitness drink formulas containing 140 mg and 100 mg of caffeine on energy expenditure and fat metabolism at rest and during exercise

Background Thermogenic fitness drink formulas (TFD) have been shown to increase energy expenditure and markers of lipid metabolism. The purpose of the current study was to compare TFD formulas containing different caffeine concentrations versus a placebo drink on energy expenditure and lipid metabolism at rest and during exercise. Methods Thirty-two recreationally active participants (22.9 ± 0.7 y, 167.1 ± 1.4 cm, 68.8 ± 2.0 kg, 24.0 ± 1.2% fat) who were regular caffeine consumers, participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover design study. Participants reported to the laboratory on three occasions, each of which required consumption of either a TFD containing 140 mg or 100 mg of caffeine or a placebo. Baseline measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) and resting fat oxidation (RFO) were assessed using indirect calorimetry as well as measurements of serum glycerol concentration. Measurements were repeated at 30, 60, 90 min post-ingestion. Following resting measures, participants completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax), and total energy expenditure (EE). Results A significant interaction was shown for REE (p < 0.01) and RFO (p < 0.01). Area under the curve analysis showed an increased REE for the 140 mg compared to the 100 mg formula (p = 0.02) and placebo (p < 0.01) and an increased REE for the 100 mg formula compared to placebo (p = 0.02). RFO significantly decreased for caffeinated formulas at 30 min post ingestion compared to placebo and baseline (p < 0.01) and significantly increased for the 140 mg formula at 60 min post-ingestion (p = 0.03). A main effect was shown for serum glycerol concentrations over time (p < 0.01). No significant differences were shown for V̇O2max (p = 0.12), Fatmax (p = 0.22), and MFO (p = 0.05), and EE (p = 0.08) across drinks. Conclusions Our results suggest that TFD formulas containing 100 and 140 mg of caffeine are effective in increasing REE and that a 40 mg of caffeine difference between the tested formulas may impact REE and RFO in healthy individuals within 60 min of ingestion