Overall effect of muscular exercise on strength as MVIC.

<p>Overall effect of muscular exercise on strength as MVIC.</p

Effect of muscular exercise on endurance.

<p>Effect of muscular exercise on endurance.</p

Risk of bias table.

<p>Legend: Red (-) = high risk of bias; Yellow (?) =  unknown risk of bias; Green (+) =  low risk of bias.</p

Literature flowchart.

<p>Literature flowchart.</p

Characteristics of studies included.

<p>1. Range of age in years.</p><p>2. 9–10 min warm-up exercises followed by 3–4 min flexibility exercises. Strength exercises for arms, back and abdomen were then done on all fours, and prone and supine, for 6–7 min. This was followed by balance exercises in standing for 3–4 min. Aerobic activities followed for 11–12 minutes, and after 9–10 min cool-down exercises the program was rounded off with stretching and relaxation.</p><p>3. Repetition Maximum (RM). An X RM is the weight a person can lift X times at a steady controlled pace through the full range of joint motion.</p><p>4. MVIC, maximum voluntary isokinetic strength.</p><p>5. Between these two sets of dynamic exercises patients performed a 30-second isometric exercise with the same training weight.</p

Overall effect of muscular exercise on motor function.

<p>Overall effect of muscular exercise on motor function.</p

Contour enhanced funnel plot of studies comparing Early and Delayed surgery time for overall mortality.

<p>Caption: Kenzora 1986 (in red), while laying in the area of statistical significance favouring late surgery, may have interfered with the effect of small studies in the funnel plot.</p

Meta-analysis of high and low-quality adjusted prospective studies comparing early versus delayed surgery time. Outcome: overall mortality.

<p>Meta-analysis of high and low-quality adjusted prospective studies comparing early versus delayed surgery time. Outcome: overall mortality.</p

Selection for studies exploring the association between mortality and optimal time to surgery in patients with hip fractures.

<p>Selection for studies exploring the association between mortality and optimal time to surgery in patients with hip fractures.</p

Random effects meta-regression analyses of Early and Delayed surgery time for overall mortality.

<p>Random effects meta-regression analyses of Early and Delayed surgery time for overall mortality.</p