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    Incidencia del dĆ©ficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una instituciĆ³n de cuarto nivel en Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia) en el aƱo 2017

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    Introduction. Within the aging process, most organic systems maintain their basal functions. However, there is a reduction in functional reserve and the capacity to compensate physiological stress, which makes older patients more prone to postoperative complications. A study was performed in institutions in Bucaramanga to determine the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the associated risk factors. Methodology. This was a analytical observational prospective cohort study performed in healthcare institutions in Bucaramanga in 2017 with patients older than 55 years of age under regional, balanced general or total intravenous anesthesia. Results. One hundred and seventy-three operated patients were studied, among which 112 (64.74%) were women and 61 (35.26%) were men. The most commonly used anesthetic techniques were: regional (46.24%) and balanced general (44.51%). Short-term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction incidence was 6.36% in previously healthy patients, with an adjusted significant P value (0.001). Cognitive deterioration was detected in 51.41% of patients, with alterations in their mastery of language, attention and memory. This increased for the long-term evaluation. During long-term patient follow-up, it resulted in 11.55%, determining the incidence of delayed Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction at 17.91%. The anesthetic technique with the highest proportion of long- term dysfunction was mixed anesthesia, compared to regional anesthesia. Discussion. There is currently no standardized definition for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. It has been observed more frequently and for longer extensions in older patients. The study demonstrated a significantly lower early incidence when compared to international articles, but a greater incidence of delayed postoperative dysfunction as a result of more intraoperative complications compared to other studies. Conclusions. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction involves multiple risk factors. The study observed a greater association with age, level of education, hypotension and general anesthesia. There was no association between comorbidities and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. The presence of hypotension was determined for developing this dysfunction.IntroduccioĢn. En el proceso de envejecimiento, la mayoriĢa de los sistemas orgaĢnicos mantienen su funcionamiento basal, pero existe una reduccioĢn de la reserva funcional y de la capacidad para compensar el estreĢs fisioloĢgico, lo que hace que los pacientes de mayor edad sean maĢs propensos a complicaciones postoperatorias. Se realizoĢ un estudio en instituciones de Bucaramanga para determinar la incidencia de deĢficit cognitivo postoperatorio y los factoresde riesgo asociados. MetodologiĢa. Estudio observacional analiĢtico de cohorte prospectivo realizado en instituciones de salud de Bucaramanga durante 2017 con pacientes mayores de 55 anĢƒos intervenidos bajo anestesia regional, general balanceada o anestesia total intravenosa. Resultados. Se estudiaron 173 pacientes, 112 mujeres (64.74%) y 61 hombres (35.26%) operados. Las teĢcnicas anesteĢsicas maĢs empleadas fueron: Regional (46.24%) y General balanceada (44.51%). La incidencia de DeĢficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio a corto plazo fue 6.36% en pacientes previamente sanos, con valor P significativo (0.001) ajustado. Se detectoĢ deterioro cognitivo del 51.41% con alteraciones en los dominios de lenguaje, atencioĢn y memoria; con aumento en la evaluacioĢn a largo plazo. Durante el seguimiento de pacientes a largo plazo resultoĢ en un 11.55%, determinando la incidencia de DeĢficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio tardiĢo en un 17.91%. La teĢcnica anesteĢsica con mayor proporcioĢn de deĢficit a largo plazo fue la anestesia mixta, comparada con anestesia regional. DiscusioĢn. En la actualidad no existe una definicioĢn estandarizada de DeĢficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio, se ha observado mayor frecuencia y mayor prolongacioĢn en pacientes de edad avanzada. El estudio demostroĢ una incidencia temprana significativamente menor, comparaĢndolo con artiĢculos internacionales, pero una incidencia mayor en deĢficit postoperatorio tardiĢo, resultado de mayores complicaciones intraoperatorias, comparado con otros estudios. Conclusiones. El DeĢficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio involucra muĢltiples factores de riesgo; en el estudio se encontroĢ mayor asociacioĢn con la edad, la escolaridad, la hipotensioĢn y la anestesia general. No hubo asociacioĢn entre comorbilidades y el DeĢficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio. Se determinoĢ la presencia de hipotensioĢn para desarrollo de este deĢficit
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