Non-invasive transcutaneuos dynamic electrical nerves stimulation in management of tension type headaches: design of a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial

In this paper we justify and describe design of our original prospective clinical trial of effectiveness of non-invasive transcutaneous dynamic electrical nerves stimulation (DENS) in management of patients with frequent episodic or chronic tension type headaches (TTH). As a DENS device we selected a small one - DiaDENS-PKM (made in Ekaterinburg, Russia, allowed for using in Russian Federation), as a placebo - a device made by the manufacturer, absolutely identical to the active one with no contacts in electrodes. We will analyze the effectiveness and safety of this technique in complex management of TTH in two groups of patients with different ages: youth and adolescents (group 1) and elderly (group 2). As a result of this study we plan to suggest guidelines for using this approach in target groups.В настоящей статье приводится обоснование и описывается дизайн оригинального проспективного клинического исследования эффективности неинвазивной чрескожной динамической электронейростимуляции (ДЭНС) в лечении пациентов с частыми эпизодическими или хроническими головными болями напряжения (ГБН). В качестве устройства ДЭНС выбран разрешенный к использованию в Российской Федерации компактный аппарат ДиаДЭНС-ПКМ (производство: г.Екатеринбург, Россия), в качестве плацебо - аппарат, созданный производителем, полностью идентичный исследуемому, с неподсоединенными электродами. Будет проведен анализ эффективности и безопасности данной методики в комплексной терапии ГБН в двух возрастных группах: молодежь до 25 лет и подростки (группа 1) и пожилые (группа 2). По результатам исследования планируется предложить рекомендации по использованию данной технологии в целевых группах

Hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides

The methods for synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides of heavy and transition metals were considered. The problem of the influence of the method of synthesis of the hybrid nanoparticles on their atomic structure, morphology of the nanomaterials, and functional properties was analyzed. The areas of practical use of the hybrid nanoparticles were proposed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Glycemia control and choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: a consensus decision of the board of experts of the Russian association of endocrinologists

A dangerous viral disease COVID-19, caused by a new RNA coronavirus SARS-COV-2, has been actively spreading in the world since December 2019. The main manifestations of this disease are bilateral pneumonia, often accompanied by the development of acute respiratory syndrome and respiratory failure. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk of infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus, severe illness and death.Maintaining of target glycemic levels is the most important factor in a favorable outcome of COVID-19 in both type 1 and type 2 DM. The choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in a patient with DM in the acute period of COVID-19 depends on the initial therapy, the severity of hyperglycemia, the severity of the viral infection and the patient’s clinical condition.The article presents the recommendations of the board of experts of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists on glycemic control and the choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 DM and COVID-19, and also on the use of glucocorticosteroids used in the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 DM

РОЛЬ ПОЛИМОРФНЫХ ВАРИАНТОВ ГЕНОВ NO-СИНТАЗЫ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ЭНДОТЕЛИНА-1 И NADPH-ОКСИДАЗЫ ПРИ РАЗВИТИИ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ, ИНДУЦИРОВАННОЙ КАРДИОТОКСИЧНОСТЬЮ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ

Aim. To study the clinical and genetic aspects of the influence of polymorphic variants of the genes of endothelial NO-synthase (NOS3), the receptor of endothelin-1 type A (EDNRA) and NADPH-oxidase on the development of cardiotoxic remodeling of the left ventricle and heart failure during anthracycline-based regimens for patients with breast cancer.Methods. 176 women with breast cancer receiving anthracycline antibiotics as part of multiple drug chemotherapy regimens were examined. According to the results of the examination, 12 months after the end of multiple drug chemotherapy, all the patients with the main disease in remission were divided into 2 groups: patients with cardiac remodeling caused by cardiotoxicity (Group 1 = 52) and those with preserved heart function (Group 2 = 124). All patients underwent echocardiographic assessment before chemotherapy, during the treatment regimen with anthracyclines and after the therapy. Genetic material (buccal cells) was collected from all patients for the subsequent typing of alleles of genes NOS3 (rs1799983), EDNRA (rs5335) and NADPH-oxidase (rs4673).Results. Analysis of echocardiographic parameters in patients 12 months after the completion of multiple drug chemotherapy in comparison with those before treatment showed a statistically significant difference between end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, as well as a significant reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction in the group of women who developed cardiotoxicity with anthracycline cardiotoxicity. An association between the development of cardiotoxic lesions with the presence of mutant allele of NOS3 rs1799983 and NADPH-oxidase rs4673 genes has been determined. The presence of the T/T genotype of the NOS3 rs1799983 gene was associated with myocardial damage during multiple drug chemotherapy, along with the T/T genotype of the NADPHoxidase gene rs4673. Importantly, the genotype G/G of the gene NOS3 rs1799983 was more frequently determined in Group 2, suggesting its protective effect against cardiotoxic myocardial damage.Conclusion. The development of the strategy aimed at preventing or reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications in the treatment of cancer is a crucial problem. Genetic typing is an effective measure to predict the increased risk of cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines.Цель. Изучить клинико-генетические аспекты влияния полиморфных вариантов генов эндотелиальной NO-синтазы (NOS3), рецептора эндотелина-1 типа А (EDNRA) и NADPH-оксидазы на развитие кардиотоксического ремоделирования левого желудочка и сердечной недостаточности при терапии антрациклинами пациенток с раком молочной железы.Материалы и методы.Обследовано 176 женщин с раком молочной железы, получавших антрациклиновые антибиотики в составе схем полихимиотерапевтического (ПХТ) лечения. По итогам обследования через 12 месяцев после окончания ПХТ пациентки, находящиеся в состоянии ремиссии основного заболевания, были разделены на 2 группы: больные с развитием кардиотоксического ремоделирования (группа 1 – 52 человека) и женщины с сохраненной функцией сердца (группа 2 – 124 человека). Всем больным до начала курса ПХТ, в динамике лечения антрациклинами и после терапии таковыми проводилось исследование ЭхоКГ-показателей. У всех пациенток забирался генетический материал (буккальный эпителий) с последующим типированием аллелей генов NOS3 (rs1799983), EDNRA (rs5335) и NADPH-оксидазы (rs4673).Результаты.Анализ ЭхоКГ-параметров у пациенток через 12 месяцев после завершения ПХТ в сравнении с таковыми до начала лечения показал статистически значимое различие конечного систолического и конечного диастолического размеров, а также достоверное снижение фракции выброса левого желудочка в группе женщин с развившейся антрациклиновой кардиотоксичностью. Ассоциация развития кардиотоксического поражения выявлена у пациенток с наличием мутантных аллелей генов NOS3 rs1799983 и NADPH-оксидазы rs4673. Так, наличие генотипа T/T гена NOS3 rs1799983 было ассоциировано с поражением миокарда при проведении ПХТ, наряду с генотипом T/T гена NADPH-оксидазы rs4673. В то же время в случае гена NOS3 rs1799983 генотип G/G статистически значимо чаще встречался во второй группе пациенток, что, вероятно, свидетельствовало о протективном влиянии данного генотипа на развитие кардиотоксического поражения миокарда.Заключение. Разработка стратегии, направленной на предотвращение или снижение риска развития кардиоваскулярных осложнений в процессе лечения онкологических заболеваний, является крайне актуальной проблемой. Генетическое типирование является эффективной мерой прогнозирования повышенного риска кардиотоксического действия антрациклинов

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in adults

Public organization “Russian Association of Endocrinologists”. Clinical guidlines

Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults

Public organization “Russian Association of Endocrinologists”. Clinical guidelines.&nbsp

Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P = 0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.07) or pancreatic cancer (P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, adding sitagliptin to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, or other adverse events

Vasoprotection and nephroprotection: links of the same chain

Recently, the perception of microalbuminuria (MAU) has progressed from an indicator of renal artery dysfunction to a marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction, predicting cardiovascular risk. MAU is also a significant marker of vascular pathology, including renal, peripheral, cerebral vessels and aorta. Therefore, primary and secondary MAU prevention with angiotensin II inhibition (often as a part of combined therapy) is one of the main goals in nephro-, cardioand vasoprotection