Miíase furunculóide de localização atípica

Paciente do sexo feminino de 63 anos, melanoderma, ingressou em hospital público se queixando de prurido e secreção nos glúteos por aproximadamente um mês, após visita em área rural. A mesma relatou que fazia uso de antibiótico pomada recomendado para tratamento de furúnculo. Ao exame clínico observou-se duas lesões hiperêmicas e com exsudato purulento, diagnosticadas como miíase furunculóide. Foi removida uma larva viva de Dermatobia hominis de cada lesão, com auxílio de curativo oclusivo com vaselina e pinça. Três doenças devem ser diferenciadas: furúnculo, miíase furunculóide, (causada por D. hominis) e miíase tecidual (causada por Cochliomyia hominivorax devido à extensa destruição tecidual causada por esta última. A 63 year old black female was admitted in a public hospital complaining of itching and secretion in the gluteus for approximately one month after a trip to a rural area. The patient reported using antibiotic ointment for furuncle treatment. At the clinical examination, two hyperemic lesions showing purulent exudate were observed, and were diagnosed as furunculoid myiasis. One Dermatobia hominis larva was removed from each lesion, by means of occlusion using petroleum jelly and tweezers. Three diseasesshould be differentiated when dealing with this kind of occurrence: furuncles, furunculoid myiasis (caused by D. hominis and tissue myiasis (caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax) due to the extensive tissue destruction caused by the latter.

Microglia/Astrocytes–Glioblastoma Crosstalk: Crucial Molecular Mechanisms and Microenvironmental Factors

In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma (GB), the most malignant primary brain tumor that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Studies showed that microglial cells or astrocytes play a critical role in promoting GB growth. Based on the recent findings, the complex network of the interaction between microglial/astrocytes cells and GB may constitute a potential therapeutic target to overcome tumor malignancy. In the present review, we summarize the most important mechanisms and functions of the molecular factors involved in the microglia or astrocytes–GB interactions, which is particularly the alterations that occur in the cell’s extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. We overview the cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic, morphogenic, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs actions crucial to these interactions. We have also discussed the most recent studies regarding the mechanisms of transportation and communication between microglial/astrocytes – GB cells, namely through the ABC transporters or by extracellular vesicles. Lastly, we highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding the crosstalk between these glial cells and GB