The Relationship between Linguistic Intelligence and L2 Learning Strategies among EFL Learners with Intermediate Level of Proficiency

The present study attempts to investigate any possible relationship between Linguistic intelligence and L2 learning strategies and different categories of learning strategy. Twenty participants were selected among EFL students with intermediate level of proficiency from Safir Danesh foreign language institute. Two types of questionnaire were used to evaluate the learners’ linguistic intelligence and their use of learning strategies. The first questionnaire was a combination of two questionnaires, Gardner’s MI model (1993) and a questionnaire devised by Chislett MSc and Chapman (2005); and the second one was Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), developed by Oxford (2003). The result of the study indicated that learners who have high Linguistic intelligence, mostly use compensation, metacognitive and affective strategies. Also it has been understood that the participants of the current study were likely to use cognitive, social and memory strategies. Key words: Linguistic Intelligence, L2 learning Strategies, MI intelligences

Bi-directional quantum teleportation of GHZ-like states

In this paper we propose a method through which $n$-qubit states can simultaneously be bi-directionally transmitted between two users. We assume that Alice and Bob, the legitimate users, each have a $n$-qubit GHZ-like state and want to teleport it to the other party. Also, a four-qubit cluster state plays the role of the quantum channel of this bi-directional quantum teleportation. The protocol is based on the method that at first, each user, through a series of \mbox{CNOT} gates, converts the $n$-qubit state into a single qubit and some $0$ qubits. Then, by means of the Bell state measurement and proper operation, the single qubit state is transferred over the channel between the two sides. By re-applying the \mbox{CNOT} gates on the transmitted qubits and auxiliary $0$ states, each user reconstructs the initial GHZ-like state. Finally, we investige the effects of some kind of noises on the density marix of the channel due to its interaction with the environment and present a method to protect the channel against the bit-flip error.Comment: 13 pages, no figures, 2 tables, to appear in IJQ

Preparation, characterization, and biodistribution of glutathione PEGylated nanoliposomal doxorubicin for brain drug delivery with a post-insertion approach

Objective(s): Brain cancer treatments have mainly failed due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Several studies have confirmed the presence of glutathione (GSH) receptors on BBB’s surface, as a result, products like 2B3-101, which contain over 5% pre-inserted GSH PEGylated liposomal Doxorubicin, are being tested in clinical trials. Here we conducted the PEGylated nanoliposomal Doxorubicin particles that are covalently attached to the glutathione using the post-insertion technique. Compared with the pre-insertion approach, the post-insertion method is notably simpler, faster, and more cost-effective, making it ideal for large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing. Materials and Methods: The ligands of the DSPE PEG(2000) Maleimide-GSH were introduced in the amounts of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 on the available Caelyx. Following physicochemical evaluations, animal experiments such as biodistribution, fluorescence microscopy, and pharmacokinetics were done. Results: In comparison with Caelyx, the 200L and 400L treatment arms were the most promising formulations. We showed that nanocarriers containing 40 times fewer GSH micelles than 2B3-101 significantly increased blood-brain barrier penetrance. Due to the expressed GSH receptors on tissues as an endogenous antioxidant, Doxorubicin will likely concentrate in the liver, spleen, heart, and lung in comparison with Caelyx, according to other tissue analyses. Conclusion: The post-insertion technique was found a successful approach with more pharmaceutical aspects for large-scale production. Moreover, further investigations are highly recommended to determine the efficacy of 5% post-inserted GSH targeted nanoliposomes versus 2B3-101 as a similar formulation with a different preparation method

Assessment the Relationship Between Parents' Literacy Level with Children Growth in Mashhad: An Analytic Descriptive Study

Introduction: Present children are the investments of community in the future. Preparing children health which leads to the stability of community health, provided to accurate implementation of educational and health programs in the community and especially in mothers. So it is necessary to determine the relationship between parents' literacy  with growth rate in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 mothers referring to 10 selected Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24-month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic statistics and using SPSS 16. Results: Presentfindings showed a significant relationship between literacy  level of parents with child growth status, breast feeding rate, junk food consumption, referring to health care center for growth monitoring, the age of initiating supplementary nutrition, the use of oil and butter in baby food and rate of attending in educational classes. So that higher literacy  level of parents was associated with using more formula, less junk food, oil and butter in baby's food and more referring times to health care center for monitoring child growth, desirable growth, and  also initiating supplementary food more at the assigned time (

Maternal Knowledge and Attitude toward Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (BMF) in the First 6 Months of Infant Life in Mashhad

Introduction: Breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. So promoting  their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of Mashhad toward exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of infant life.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 126 mothers who referring to Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic tests and using SPSS 11.5.   Results: Mean score of maternal attitude toward exclusive BMF was 14.32±5.28 (out of 28) and maternal knowledge score toward advantages of breast milk was 19.59±4.80 (out of 28). The incidence of exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of life study was 73.8%. Child growth was as follows: excellent growth (5.6%) and good growth (42.1%). ANOVA showed a significant difference between parents' education and maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF; whatever higher education of parents, more positive maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF (

Maternal Knowledge and Attitude toward Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (BMF) in the First 6 Months of Infant Life in Mashhad

Introduction: Breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. So promoting  their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of Mashhad toward exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of infant life.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 126 mothers who referring to Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic tests and using SPSS 11.5.   Results: Mean score of maternal attitude toward exclusive BMF was 14.32±5.28 (out of 28) and maternal knowledge score toward advantages of breast milk was 19.59±4.80 (out of 28). The incidence of exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of life study was 73.8%. Child growth was as follows: excellent growth (5.6%) and good growth (42.1%). ANOVA showed a significant difference between parents' education and maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF; whatever higher education of parents, more positive maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF (

Junk Food Consumption and Effects on Growth Status among Children Aged 6-24 Months in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran

Introduction Junk food, due to the lack of vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of energy and protein, there is the risk that the child's stomach filled and by reducing her/his appetite, reduce the chance of nutritious foods. So it is necessary to determine the relationship between using of junk food with growth rate in children. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 mothers and their babies , who were referring to 10 selected Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 months children. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling and valid and reliable   questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic statistics and using SPSS version 16. Results In growth chart, 86.7 percent of children showed appropriate growth, 10.3 percent had delayed growth and 3 percent had horizontal growth curve. In 11.3 percent of families, the junk food has been used for children regularly, 44.7 percent did not believe in these snacks and 44 percent of mothers sometimes used this junk food for their children. Results showed the statistical correlation between junk food consumption and  growth status of children was significant, so children whom haven’t had junk food, have grown more favorable than the other kids (

Junk Food Consumption and Effects on Growth Status among Children Aged 6-24 Months in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran

Introduction Junk food, due to the lack of vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of energy and protein, there is the risk that the child's stomach filled and by reducing her/his appetite, reduce the chance of nutritious foods. So it is necessary to determine the relationship between using of junk food with growth rate in children. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 mothers and their babies , who were referring to 10 selected Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 months children. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling and valid and reliable   questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic statistics and using SPSS version 16. Results In growth chart, 86.7 percent of children showed appropriate growth, 10.3 percent had delayed growth and 3 percent had horizontal growth curve. In 11.3 percent of families, the junk food has been used for children regularly, 44.7 percent did not believe in these snacks and 44 percent of mothers sometimes used this junk food for their children. Results showed the statistical correlation between junk food consumption and  growth status of children was significant, so children whom haven’t had junk food, have grown more favorable than the other kids (