Anomalous Origin and Retropulmonary Course of an Atherosclerotic Stenosed Left Circumflex Coronary Artery

We here present the case of a rarely seen anomalous origin and retropulmonary course of the left circumflex artery from the proximal right coronary artery. The patient suffered from coronary ischemia due to stenotic lesions both in the aberrant circumflex coronary artery and in the first and second diagonal branches. Coronary bypass operation was performed

Effects of Limit Feeding Cold Stressed Growing Calves in the Morning Versus the Evening, as well as Bunk Line Sharing on Performance

Objective: To determine the response of cold stressed growing calves to being fed in the evening instead of morning hours, as well as the effect of bunk line sharing. Study Description: Crossbred steers (n = 360) of Texas, Oklahoma, and Idaho origin were blocked by weight into four size groups and randomly assigned to pens, which were randomly allocated to one of five treatments. All steers received a diet formulated to provide 60 Mcal net energy for gain/100 lb of dry matter and were limit fed with a target of 2.0% of their body weight in dry matter intake. Treatments consisted of being fed in the morning (AM), in the evening (PM), fed half of their feed in the morning and half in the evening (50/50), and two treatments that allowed cattle to be fed in the same pen yet were rotated twice daily utilizing a holding pen, allowing for half of the calves to be fed in the morning (Shuttle AM) and half to be fed in the evening (Shuttle PM), doubling the use of the pen and bunk line. The steers were fed for 77 days and individual animal weights were taken on day -1 (allocation), day 0 (initial processing), day 64/65 (blood sampling), and day 77 (final weights). Plasma glucose was obtained individually on day 64 and 65, and pen weights were collected on days 0, 21, 28, 35, 56, 63, 70, and 77. The Bottom Line: When limit feeding cold stressed growing calves, neither shifting from morning feed delivery to evening feed delivery, nor bunk line sharing signifi­cantly improves the efficiency of feed conversion

Interaction between nutrition and Eimeria acervulina infection in broilers chickens: Development of an experimental infection

In three experiments broiler chickens were inoculated with sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts at 18 d of age. Feed intake, body-weight gain, brush-border enzyme activities, fat digestion, protein digestion and protein retention were measured. Body-weight gain was reduced during the acute phase of the infection and increased during the recovery phase of the infection. Feed intake was decreased on day 4 and day 5 postinfection (PI) and increased from day 7 to day 11 PI. Maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) and sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) activities were decreased on day 5 PI in all intestinal segments. In Expts 2 and 3, however, maltase activity was increased in the ileum. Fat digestion was decreased from day 2 to day 11 PI. N digestion and retention were decreased from day 2 to day 11 PI. Poultry: Coccidiosis: Infection made1 Coccidiosis in chickens is an intestinal infection caused by protozoa that invade the mucosal epithelium. Coccidiosis is characterized by reduced body-weight gain of the host and malabsorption of ingested nutrients Morphological changes in the affected area include shortened or flattened villi, decreased villous surface and elongated crypts The aim of the present study was to obtain an experimental infection model in broiler chickens in order to examine effects that an infection, that merely affects duodenum and part of the jejunum, can have on digestion and absorptive capacities. In three experiments the effects of an Eimeria acervulina infection on feed intake, body-weight gain, disaccharidase activities, fat digestion, protein digestion and protein retention were measured. Expt 1 was used as a pilot experiment. The highest level of infection of Expt 1 was rounded up in Expt 2, in which a pair-fed control was used in order to eliminate effects of reduced feed intake. In Expt 3 lower levels of infections were chosen in order to follow dose-response effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and diet Female, Ross broiler chickens were obtained as 1-d-old birds, from a commercial hatchery. Chickens were kept in groups on electrically heated wire-floored batteries under constant lighting. Unmedicated feed and water were available ad libitum, unless stated otherwise. All * For reprints

Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxide-Treated Stover (Second Crop) in Receiving and Growing Diets and Effects on Cattle Performance

Production of ethanol from corn as an alternative fuel source has significantly affected the pricing landscape for corn as an energy source for livestock. As ethanol usage has become more prevalent, corn prices have become more volatile, especially in critical corn-growing areas that have been affected by drought. Consequently, many beef cattle feeders have become interested in alternative energy sources in an effort to control cost of gain. Second Crop (ADM Corp., Decatur, IL) is a process in which calcium hydroxide is added to fibrous crop residues, such as wheat straw and corn stover. When applied to low-quality roughages, calcium hydroxide disrupts the chemical bonds between lignin and hemicellulose, thus improving digestibility of the fiber by ruminal microbes. Treatment of low-quality forage with the Second Crop process could improve the energy value of forages, effectively decreasing reliance on cereal grains as sources of supplemental energy

Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Containing an Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Digestibility in Growing Calf Diets

Objective: To evaluate the digestibility parameters of growing cattle when fed Enogen Feed corn. Study Description: Seven cannulated Holstein steers were used to determine the effects on digestibility when fed Enogen Feed corn (Syngenta) as whole-corn or processed as dry-rolled at ad libitum intake. The Bottom Line: When Enogen Feed corn was fed in an ad libitum fashion to growing calves, dry matter and organic matter are digested to a greater extent relative to yellow corn

The Use of Bioelectrical Impedance to Assess Shelf-Life of Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steaks

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using surface and internal bioelectrical impedance to assess beef longissimus lumborum shelf-life during 15 days of simulated retail display. Study Description: Beef strip loins, obtained from three commercial processors (postmortem age = 27, 34, or 37 days), were fabricated into 12 1-inch thick steaks. Steaks were subdivided into six consecutively cut pairs, packaged on Styrofoam trays, overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film, and displayed under fluorescent lighting at 32–40°F in coffin-style retail cases for 15 days. Microbiological analysis, pH, bioelectrical impedance analysis, objective color assessment, proximate composition, and lipid oxidation were measured. Surface and internal bioelectrical impedance assessment were compared. The Bottom Line: Internal bioelectrical impedance has potential for use to assess shelf-life of retail steaks and it was more precise than surface bioelectrical impedance; however, internal bioelectrical impedance may translocate bacteria into the muscle. Protein degradation and water holding capacity should be evaluated to better understand bioelectrical impedance changes over time

Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steak pH Affects External Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment

Objective: To use external bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess postmortem chemical changes in normal- and high-pH beef longissimus lumborum steaks during simulated retail display. Study Description: Beef strip loins (n = 20; postmortem age = 14 d) obtained from a commercial processor were sorted into two treatments, normal-pH (5.61–5.64; n = 11) and high-pH (6.2–7.0; n = 9). Loins were fabricated into five 1-inch thick steaks (n = 100), and randomly assigned to one of five display days: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. External bioelectrical impedance values, oxygen consumption, metmyoglobin reducing ability, protein degradation, water holding capacity, and pH were assessed on each storage day. The Bottom Line: External bioelectrical impedance is a method that could be used to separate normal- and high-pH strip loins with potential for rapid, in-plant use to identify dark-cutting beef