A novel study on bean common mosaic virus accumulation shows disease resistance at the initial stage of infection in Phaseolus vulgaris

Accurate and early diagnosis of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in Phaseolus vulgaris tissues is critical since the pathogen can spread easily and have long-term detrimental effects on bean production. The use of resistant varieties is a key factor in the management activities of BCMV. The study reported here describes the development and application of a novel SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay targeting the coat protein gene to determine the host sensitivity to the specific NL-4 strain of BCMV. The technique showed high specificity, validated by melting curve analysis, without cross-reaction. Further, the symptoms development of twenty advanced common bean genotypes after mechanical BCMV-NL-4 infection was evaluated and compared. The results showed that common bean genotypes exhibit varying levels of host susceptibility to this BCMV strain. The YLV-14 and BRS-22 genotypes were determined as the most resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively, in terms of aggressiveness of symptoms. The accumulation of BCMV was analyzed in the resistant and susceptible genotypes 3, 6, and 9 days following the inoculation by the newly developed qRT-PCR. The mean cycle threshold (Ct) values showed that the viral titer was significantly lower in YLV-14, which was evident in both root and leaf 3 days after the inoculation. The qRT-PCR thus facilitated an accurate, specific, and feasible assessment of BCMV accumulation in bean tissues even in low virus titers, allowing novel clues in selecting resistant genotypes in the early stages of infection, which is critical for disease management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a successfully performed qRT-PCR to estimate BCMV quantification

Collection and Phenological Evaluation of Fresh Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm Grown at South of Eastern Anatolia

The study was carried out to record the phenological features and to identify promising cultivar candidates by selection criteria of 378 collected bean germplasm which were suitable for fresh consumption in South of Eastern Anatolia (Bitlis, Bingöl, Muş, Malatya, Tunceli, Elazığ, Hakkâri, Van) in 2009-2011. In the study, 4F-89 and Helinda Gold pole bean cultivars, Yalova-5 and Yalova-17 dwarf bean cultivars were used as standard control varieties. According to the weighing rating and phenological observations, 62 pole and 26 dwarf fresh beans were identified as promising candidate lines among collected 378 lines in 2010. Among these 86 suitable lines, 30 pole and 8 dwarf fresh beans were observed as promising candidate lines. According to the result of the study, significant differences were determined between the standard cultivars and the local varieties

Van Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Bitki Sıklıkları ve Ekim Şekillerinin Bazı Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinde Verim ve Bazı Verim Öğelerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, Van ekolojik koşullarında bazı nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinde farklı ekim sıklıkları ve ekim yöntemlerinin verim ve bazı verim öğelerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında iki yıl süre ile “Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünen Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine” göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Aziziye-94, ILC-482 ve Canitez-87 nohut çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Denemeler üç farklı ekim sıklığında (35, 50 ve 65 tohum/m2) ve dört ekim şeklinde (ekim derinliğine serpme ekim, sıraya ekim, 90o ve 45o çapraz ekim) kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, bitki çıkış süresi, m2’de bitki sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide ana dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi, birim alan tane verimi ve ham protein oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında en yüksek tane verimi sırasıyla 104.6 kg/da ile ILC-482 çeşidinin 50 tohum/m2 sıklığının serpme ekim yönteminde, 158.6 kg/da ile ILC-482 çeşidinin 50 tohum/m2 sıklığının 90o çapraz ekim yönteminde elde edilmiştir. En düşük birim alan tane verimi sırasıyla, 2009 yılında 65.3 kg/da ile Canıtez-87 çeşidinin 35 tohum/m2 sıklığının sıraya ekim yönteminde, 2010 yılında ise 111.8 kg/da ile Aziziye-94 çeşidinin 35 tohum/m2 ekim sıklığının sıraya ekimyönteminde elde edilmiştir.Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Başkanlığ

Determination of Flower and Seed Characteristics of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Gene Resources Collected from the South of Eastern Anatolia

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin güneyinde (Malatya, Muş, Tunceli, Van, Elâzığ, Hakkâri, Bitlis ve Bingöl) tazetüketime uygun fasulye gen kaynaklarının toplanması, çiçek ve tohum özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve ümitvar hatlarınseçilmesi amacıyla çalışma, 2009 ile 2011 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada standart çeşitlerden HelindaGold ve 4F-89 (sırık taze çeşit), Yalova-5 ve Yalova-17 (bodur taze çeşit) kontrol çeşitler olarak kullanılmıştır.2009 yılında toplanan 414 fasulye genotipinden 2010 yılında 378 genotip çimlendirilmiş, tartılı derecelendirmesonucu 420 ve üzeri puan alan 25 fasulye genotipi ümitvar olarak belirlenmiştir. Denemenin 25 genotip üzerindeyürütülen ikinci yılında (2011), 420 ve üzeri puan alan 13 ümitvar hat (11 sırık ve 2 bodur) çalışmada tespitedilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla standart çeşitler ile ümitvar hatlar arasında farklılıkların olduğu saptanmıştır.The study was carried out in 2009 - 2011 in order to collect fresh bean genetic resources in thesouth of the Eastern Anatolia Region (Malatya, Muş, Tunceli, Van, Elazığ, Hakkari, Bitlis, Bingöl), to determinethe characteristics of flowers and seeds, and select promising lines. In the study, standard varieties of Helinda Goldand 4F-89 (fresh poles varieties) and Yalova-5 and Yalova-17 (fresh dwarf varieties) were used as control varieties.The 378 of 414 genotypes were germinated in 2010 which were collected in 2009 and, after 420 weighed outresults and scored above, 25 bean genotypes were determined as promising lines. In the second year (2011) of theexperiment conducted on 25 genotypes, 13 promising lines (11 poles and 2 dwarf) with scores of 420 and overwere determined in the study. It was determined that there were differences between the standard varieties and thepromising lines

The Effect of Different Sowing Densities on the Yield and Some Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Mardin Kızıltepe Ecological Conditions

Bu çalışmanın amacı Mardin Kızıltepe koşullarında nohutta farklı ekim sıklıklarını belirlemektir. Üç nohut çeşidi (Aziziye-94, ILC-482 ve Diyar-95) dört farklı ekim sıklığında (30, 40, 50 ve 60 tohum m-2) ekilmiştir. Deneme 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Kızıltepe Meslek Yüksekokulu deneme tarlalarında tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çeşitler ana parsellere, sıklıklar ise alt parsellere yerleştirilmiştir. Farklı ekim sıklıklarında ekilen üç nohut çeşidinde bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, ana dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı ve tane sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, birim alan tane verimi, hasat indeksi ve biyolojik verim gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. İki yıllık sonuçlara göre; ekim sıklıklarının nohut çeşitlerinde verim ve verim öğelerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek birim alan tane verimi 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında sırasıyla 159.18 kg da-1 ve 124.83 kg da-1 ile ILC-482 çeşidinden alınırken, en düşük birim alan tane verimi 117.76 kg da-1 ve 100.16 kg da-1 ile Diyar-95 çeşidinde alınmıştır. Mardin Kızıltepe koşullarında nohut için en uygun ekim sıklığı 50 tohum m-2 olarak belirlenmiştir.The aim of this work is to determine different plant densities for chickpea in Mardin Kızıltepe conditions. Three cultivars of chickpea (Aziziye-94, ILC-482 and Diyar-95) were sown at four different sowing densities (30, 40, 50 and 60 seeds m-2). The trial was conducted in the experimental fields of Kiziltepe Vocational High School of Mardin Artuklu University by using split plots in randomized block design with the three replicates in years of 2013 and 2014. Chickpea cultivars were established as main plots and plant densities were established as split plots. Effects of sowing densities on plant height, first pod height, number of branches, numbers of pod per plant and numbers of seed per plant, numbers of seed per pod, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were investigated for three cultivars. According to the two years results; effects of varieties and sowing densities on the yield and yield components of lentil were obtained significantly. While the highest grain yield per area was obtained at the ILC-482 cultivar as 159.18 kg da-1 and 124.83 kg da-1, the lowest grain yield per area was obtained at the Diyar-95 cultivar as 117.76 kg da-1 and 100.16 kg da-1 in years of 2013 and 2014 respectively. The most suitable sowing density was determined with 50 seeds m-2 in Mardin Kızıltepe conditions

Determination of yield and some quality characteristics in some barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in Diyarbakır conditions

Bu çalışma, yurt içi ve yurt dışında ıslah programlarını yürüten farklı kuruluşlardan gelen arpa hat ve çeşitlerin verim ve kalite yönünden Diyarbakır ekolojik koşullarındaki performansları incelenmek üzere 2004-2005 ve 2005-2006 üretim sezonlarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede bitki boyu (m), başaklanma süresi, birim alan verimi (kg/da), bin tane ağırlığı (g), hektolitre ağırlığı (kg) ve protein oranı (%) gibi karakterler incelenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler yönünden genotip, yıl ve genotip x yıl interaksiyonunda istatistiksel olarak % 1'e göre önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgularda tane verimi 464.7-704.4 kg/da arasında değişmiş olup, en yüksek tane verimi 8, 11, 16, 18 ve 25 nolu genotiplerden, en düşük tane verimi ise 15 nolu genotipten (464.7 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Kalite faktörü olan hektolitre ağırlığı bakımından en yüksek ortalama değer 66.3 kg/hl ile 17 nolu genotipten, protein oranı ise % 13.8 ile 2 nolu genotipten elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre yurt dışından temin edilen genotiplerin tane verimi ve kalite kriterleri bakımından ümitvar olduğu görülmüştürThis study was conducted to examine yield and quality performances of some varieties and spring barley breeding lines obtained from both local and abroad breeding programs in Diyarbakır ecological conditions during the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 growing seasons. Experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height (m), heading time, kernel yield (kg ha-1), thousand-kernel weight (g), hectoliter weight (kg) and protein content (%) traits were evaluated in field experiments. Significant varietal differences were found regarding to year, genotype and genotype x year interactions at level of 1%. Large variability was observed for most of the traits studied. Although grain yield ranged between 4647-7044 kg/ha, the highest grain yields were obtained from the genotypes numbered as 8, 11, 16, 18 and 25, respectively; and the lowest grain yield was obtained from the genotype numbered as 22 (4647 kg /ha). The highest test weight value was obtained from the genotype numbered as 17 (66.3 kg /hl), while the highest protein content was obtained from the genotype numbered as 2 with % 13.8. The results of this study were promising for some genotypes brought from abroad in terms of grain yield and quality criteri

Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some Canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars.

Soil salinity is a major limitation to crop production in many areas of the world. A pot experiment was carried out with rapeseed cultivars in order to investigate the effects of salinity stress on plant development and nutrient composition. For the salinity studies, 150 mM NaCl concentration was applied to12 rapseed cultivars (Marinca, Kosa, Spok, Semu DNK207 NA, Tower, Liraspa, Star, Tobin, Helios, Semu 209/81, Regent and Lirawell) under the greenhouse conditions. All the cultivars were harvested after 45 days from planting. Green plants parts were weighted. Harvested rapeseed plants were separated into root, shoot and leaf parts for nutrient (K+, Na+, K+/Na+, Ca2+ and Cl-) analysis. As shown in this study, salinity stress affected negatively all the canola cultivars investigated. Generally, salinity reduced the green parts’ weight. K+, Ca2+ and K+/Na+ contents in plants decreased by salt stress, but Na+ and Cl- content in the roots, shoots and leaves of all the cultivars significantly increased. In the salt treatment, the K+ and Ca2+ concentrations were the highest in the leaf samples as compared to root and shoot samples. Furthermore, the highest concentration of Na+ and Cl- was observed in the leaf and shoot. Under salinity, Regent and Lirawell cultivars retained the highest K+ and Ca2+ content in leaves, with respect to the K+ content. The effect of NaCl treatment on the canola cultivars’ growth was not considerable

Changes of micronutrients, dry weight and plant development in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under salt stres

This study was carried out to determine the effects of salt stress on the growth, dry weights and micronutrient contents of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars grown in greenhouse conditions. 12 canola cultivars (Marinca, Kosa, Spok, Semu DNK207 NA, Tower, Liraspa, Star, Tobin, Helios, Semu 209/81, Regent and Lirawell) were exposed to salinity treatments (150 mM NaCl and control). Shoot, leaf and root dry weights of all the cultivars at 45-day-old plants were determined. Micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) of the leaves, stems and roots were also analyzed. Salinity stress negatively affected the canola cultivars and the extent of effects varied depending on the salt tolerance of the cultivars. Generally, salinity reduced the plant growth and dry weights. Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations were high in the roots when compared with those in the leaves and shoots in the salt applied samples. It was observed that, micronutrient contents showed some variation in the different plant parts of the canola cultivars as a result of salt applications to the growing media. Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) content increased in all the plant parts with salt applications except for some cultivars. On the other hand, when mean data of the cultivars were considered, it could be said that zinc (Zn) content of the leaves was not significantly affected by the salt stress

Bazı Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) Çeşitlerinde Özelikler ArasıKorelasyon ve Path Analizi

Bu araştırmada ülkemizde tescil edilmiş bazı nohut çeşitlerinde tane verimi ile diğer verim unsurları arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve path analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, 2011-2012 yıllarında Mardin Kızıltepe ekolojik koşullarında kurulmuş ve tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 10 adet tescilli nohut çeşidi (Azizye-94, Menemen-92, Yaşa-05, İzmir-92, ILC-482, Işık-05, Canitez-87, Er-99 Diyar-95, ve Gökçe) ile 2011-12 ve 2012-13 yıllarında Mardin-Kızıltepe ekolojik koşullarında tesadüf blokları denmeme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; tane verimi ile bitkide tane sayısı (0.927**), bitkide bakla sayısı (0.916**), hasat indeksi (0.728**) arasında önemli ve olumlu ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Yapılan path analizinde; tane verimi üzerine baklada tane sayısı (p= 0.822, % 43.6), ilk bakla yüksekliği (p= 0.466, % 30.7) ve bitkide bakla sayısının (p= 0.503, % 26.3) doğrudan ve yüksek derecede olumlu, bitki boyu (p= -0.407, % 30.9) ise yüksek ancak olumsuz bir etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Nohutta yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında, yüksek verim potansiyelini elde etmek için bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı ve bitkide ilk bakla yüksekliği seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MTP (Metal Ion Transport Proteins) Genes in the Common Bean

MTP/CDF carriers, called metal ion transport proteins, act as substrates for the transmission of micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) to membrane carriers in plants. In this study, genome-wide analysis of the MTP gene family in the common bean genome, expression analysis of the PvMTP4, PvMTP5, and PvMTP12 genes after Fe and Zn treatments, and the effects of Fe and Zn applications on iron and zinc content were investigated. This study used common bean genotypes assumed to have high or low Fe and Zn accumulation ability. PvMTP genes were defined as containing conserved catalytic domains with molecular weights and protein lengths ranging from 41.35 to 91.05 kDa and from 369 to 813 amino acids (aa), respectively. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis, three main clusters containing seven subgroups were formed. In this study, the first characterization of the MTP gene family of beans was performed, and the responses of three different PvMTP genes in the Zn-CDF group to Fe and Zn applications were revealed. The obtained findings are thought to constitute pioneering resources for future research on common bean biofortification studies, plant breeding related to Fe and Zn, and the functional characterization of the MTP gene family