Factors of sufi ideology influence on the formation of the tatar hand-written book traditions

© The authors. The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs "History of culture and religion", "Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan", "History of World Culture"

Aminoacetal derivative of calix[4]resorcinarene. Acid-base properties and reactions with copper(II) and lanthanum(III) in various media

Studies were carried out by means of pH-metry, spectrophotometry, and mathematic simulation of equilibria (program CPESSP) on the state, acid-base properties and complexing ability [with respect to copper(II) and lanthanum(III)] of calix[4]resorcinol with acetal groups in the aminomethyl substituent [H8L: R1 = C7H15, R 2 = CH2N(CH3)CH2CH 2CH(OCH3)2] in water-alcohol solution [80 vol % of i-PrOH] and in solutions of nonionogenic and ionic surfactants [Triton X-100, Brij-35, sodium dodecyl sulfate]. In all environments protonated and deprotonated tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric species were found (pH range 3-10.6). In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate dimer (H8L) 2 did not form that was the main speciation form in the other solvents. The sodium dodecyl sulfate like also Brij-35 favors formation of a hexadecamer (H8L)16 (pH about 6.3-6.5) in relatively small maximum accumulation fractions, 20 and 16% respectively. The solubility of H8L in acid medium in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate in alkaline medium, originated from the formation of mixed cationic and mixed anionic aggregates respectively. In a water-alcohol solution six complexes of copper(II) were detected: four mononuclear, one binuclear, and one tetranuclear complex with neutral and deprotonated forms of the ligand. Lanthanum(III) formed nine mononuclear complexes and in general coordinated more ligands than copper(II) favoring association (aggregation) of the compound under study. © 2008 MAIK Nauka

1-(3,3-Diethoxypropyl)-1-[(dihexylphosphoryl)methyl]-3-phenylurea in the Synthesis of 4-Aryl-Substituted Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. First specimens of 4-aryl-substituted tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones containing a phosphoryl group were obtained through the reaction of 1-(3,3-diethoxypropyl)-1-[(dihexylphosphoryl)methyl]-3-phenylurea with resorcinol and its derivatives in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid

β- and γ-amino acetals containing phosphine oxide groups. Synthesis and reactions with resorcinol derivatives

New β- and γ-amino acetals containing phosphine oxide groups were synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction of β- and γ-amino acetals with paraformaldehyde and dialkylphosphine oxides. Heating of the resulting β- and γ-amino acetals with 2-methylresorcinol and pyrogallol in boiling trifluoroacetic acid afforded (dialkylphosphoryl)(ω, ω-diarylalkyl)ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonates. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

New aminophosphonates (aminophosphine oxides) containing acetal groups in reactions with polyatomic phenols

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.A wide range of phosphorylated α-,β-,γ-aminoacetals of various structure were obtained by Kabachnik- Fields reaction. Acid-catalyzed reactions of phenols with α-,β-,γ -aminoacetals provide a new approach to the synthesis of different polyphenols, containing aminophosphonate and aminophosphine oxide moieties, arylsubstituted heterocycles containing phosphonate and phosphinoxide groups. Herein we present a short overview of these reactions

Synthesis and structure of new 2-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines containing phosphine oxide group

© 2018 2-Aryl-substituted pyrrolidines containing phosphine oxide group have been obtained by the reaction of P-(4,4-diethoxybutylaminomethyl)- P,P-di-p-tolylphosphine oxide with polyatomic phenols

Biochemical and immunological markers of autoimmune thyroiditis

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Correlations between biochemical and immunological markers of programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the functional state of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, hypothyroidism) have been investigated in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) (also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). Annexin V, TRAIL and TNFα, as well as DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies were used as the main markers. Increased levels of TRAIL were found in the serum of AT patients (hyperthyroidism > hypothyroidism > euthyroidism) compared with healthy individuals. The highest frequency of antibodies to denatured DNA (Abs-dDNA) had the highest frequency in AT patients (97%) compared with healthy controls. Among these patients, 75% had hyperthyroidism, 85% had hypothyroidism, and 84.7% had euthyroidism. Abs hydrolyzing activity demonstrated correlation dependence with symptoms of the thyroid dysfunction

A novel supramolecular catalytic system based on amphiphilic triphenylphosphonium bromide for the hydrolysis of phosphorus acid esters

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The biomimetic nature of micellar catalysis can significantly affect the rate of chemical reactions due to the effects of concentration and the change of microenvironment. Here, a key role is played by the nature of the head group. The catalytic activity of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (TPPB-n; n= 10, 12, 14, 16, 18; n is the number of carbon atoms in alkyl groups) in the nucleophilic substitution of p-nitrophenyl esters of alkylchloromethylphosphonic acid were investigated by the method of spectrophotometry. Using pyrene, prodan and Sudan I as probes the values of critical micelle concentrations and aggregation numbers were determined. A comparison of the results of kinetic dependence processing by Berezin equation obtained for TPPB series with the known ammonium analogues was carried out. It was found that for TPPB- n series, the higher acceleration of reaction has been achieved due to concentration factor compared to ammonium surfactants. This agrees with the fact that alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides demonstrate higher aggregation activity forming micelles with higher solubilizing capacity

Biochemical & immunological markers of autoimmune thyroiditis

Correlations between biochemical and immunological markers of programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the functional state of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, hypothyroidism) have been investigated in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) (also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). Annexin V, TRAIL and TNF-α, as well as DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies were used as the main markers. Increased levels of TRAIL were found in the serum of AT patients (hyperthyroidism>hypothyroidism>euthyroidism) compared with healthy individuals. The highest frequency of antibodies to denatured DNA (Abs-dDNA) had the highest frequency in AT patients (97%) compared with healthy controls. Among these patients, 75% had hyperthyroidism, 85% had hypothyroidism, and 84.7% had euthyroidism. Abs hydrolyzing activity demonstrated correlation dependence with symptoms of the thyroid dysfunction

Novel biomimetic systems based on polyethylene glycols and amphiphilic phosphonium salt. Self-organization and solubilization of hydrophobic guest

The solution behavior of single and binary systems based on biorelevant building blocks, i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight, and a cationic surfactant, cetyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (TPPB), has been studied. Tensiometry data for PEG-water solutions provide critical aggregation concentrations which decrease with an increase of molecular weight of the polymer. Large particles of ≥200 nm occur in the PEG-1000 solution along with the smaller ones, while in the PEG-400 and PEG-20000 samples only populations coinciding with the size of the polymer coils are found. The dye solubilization study reveals that some hydrophobic domains occur in the PEG solution. The binary PEG-TPPB systems demonstrate a synergetic behavior, i.e. a decrease in critical micelle concentration and much higher solubilization power as compared to single TPPB micelles. The data obtained reveal that PEG-TPPB assemblies present soft nanocontainers, which (i) are composed of biorelevant components; (ii) are formed at low concentrations; (iii) are characterized by nanoscale dimension; (iv) exhibit high binding capacity toward water insoluble guest. Based on these features they may be considered as candidates for the drug delivery formulations. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved