Legal and Practical Aspects of Music Licensing for Motion Pictures

Most motion pictures contain both original music composed specifically for a particular film and preexisting music (usually popular songs). In order to use preexisting music in a motion picture, the movie studio must obtain the appropriate music licenses from the copyright proprietors. The process of licensing music for use in a motion picture can potentially involve three different types of music licenses. First, the movie producer must obtain a synchronization license, which will allow the producer to synchronize the musical work with the on-screen visual images and to use the licensed musical work as part of the motion picture in its exhibition in movie theaters or through television broadcasts. Second, the movie producer must secure a videogram license, which allows the moviemaker to distribute copies of the motion picture incorporating the musical composition to the general public (i.e., to sell and/or rent DVDs and VHS cassettes). Frequently, the term synchronization license is loosely used in the entertainment industry to designate a single license that combines both the true synchronization license and the videogram license. Finally, should the movie studio wish to use a particular existing recording of the musical composition, it must negotiate a master use license, which allows the moviemaker to use the selected sound recording in the motion picture. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the main legal and practical aspects surrounding these three types of licenses

A Pollen Analytical Investigation of a Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age Soil Profile from Grøntoft, Western Jutland

A Pollen Analytical Investigation of a Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age Soil Profile from Grøntoft, Western Jutlan

INCORPORATION OF FORWARD BLADE SWEEP IN THE NON-FREE VORTEX DESIGN METHOD OF AXIAL FLOW TURBOMACHINERY ROTORS

The paper presents a novel strategy for design of high-performance non-free vortex axial flow rotors with forward swept blades. The design methodology incorporates the determination of an optimum extent of forward blade sweep into the non-free vortex design methodology, considering the realistic three-dimensional blade-to-blade flow. The design methodology is to be completed with Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis and global measurements on the turbomachinery unit. A fan rotor design example is presented

Signifyin(g) Carl: Nielsen's Music in the Jazz Repertoire

The article traces the prevalence of Nielsen’s music in the jazz repertoire and suggests that it should be understood within the broader framework of jazz aesthetics. Drawing on Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s theory of Signifyin(g) the doubleness in the way Danish jazz musicians have used Nielsen’s music is interpreted as a transnational vernacular. Seeing as it is mainly Nielsen’s “folkelige” songs that have their way to the jazz repertoire the recordings are placed within a broader Scandinavian tradition of playing vernacular tunes in jazz. The vast number of jazz recordings of Nielsen’s music are broadly categorised and various musical, Signifyin(g) tropes are identified. Thus, the article is also a call for an interpretive strategy that takes the dialogic intertextuality of the music in to account