Effect of fungicidal treatment and storage condition on content of selected mycotoxins in barley

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of fungicidal treatment and storage on the occurrence of mycotoxins in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley was initially inoculated with Fusarium culmorum followed by the application of fungicides (prothioconazole and bixafen). A screening of 57 mycotoxins were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. The fungicide treatment affected (P <0.05) the levels of zearalenone, β-zearalenol, arternariol and alternariol-methylether that were present. Levels of deoxynivalenol was highest in the second year of monitoring. 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol was not affected by fungicidal treatment or storage. The significant increase (P <0.05) of DON-3-glucoside, 15-acetyl-DON, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, and enniatin B1 was measured in barley samples. The results of the experiment determined that the use of fungicides can suppress some kinds of mycotoxins, but not others

Exploring chemical composition and genetic dissimilarities between maize accessions

The capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) accessions to tolerate drastically extreme conditions in Iraq, contributes to thecharacterization of the genetic resources for germplasm management and the identification of the finest genotypesfor genetic improvement. Therefore, breeding maize program requires knowledge of genetic variation andgenetic structure. A total of 25 maize accessions from three regions (Iraq-Sulaimani, Iraq-Erbil and Iran-Sanandaj)were genotyped by chemical and phytochemical components and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers to evaluategenetic diversity, population composition and the relationships between genetic and chemical compositiondissimilarities. In terms of proximate and phytochemical parameters, the maize accessions exhibited large significantdisparity, in which oil, phenol contents and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) characteristic appeared tobe the most discriminating features of maize accessions. Altogether, 18 SSR markers produced 77 polymorphicalleles across the 25 samples, and the chosen SSR was extremely informative with polymorphic information content(PIC) varied from 0.91 (Bnlg1890) to 0.37 (Umc1630 and Bnlg1189), as well as gene diversity (ranging from0.48 to 0.91, with an average of 0.75) illustrating the broad genetic variability of the accessions investigated.Molecular variance assessment (AMOVA) showed that there was only 21% genetic variation among populations.Pairwise PhiPT distance (0.10 to 0.31) stated high population distinctions among the populations investigated. Inaddition, the accessions from three regions were differentiated into seven clusters by both methods; clusteringand population structure analysis and the accessions are not grouped in term of geographic locations. Both chemicalcomposition and SSR markers differentiated 25 maize accessions. The results of the Mantel test exhibited asignificant positive linkage between chemical components and SSR matrices. The results of this research revealedthat maize accessions have a broad genetic diversity that provides a source of new and unique alleles that arehelpful for maize breeding programs to address the continuing and future significant challenges and determiningcollections of well-known cultivars and disparities between them

LES SAISONS, op. 37 a / P.I. TCHAIKOWSKY ; le Film Symphony Orchestra dir. Vaclav TROJAN

Titre uniforme : [Sonates. Piano. ČS 148. Sol majeur]BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière