The relationship of bottle feeding and other sucking behaviors with speech disorder in Patagonian preschoolers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that children's nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to delayed development of their oral anatomy and functioning. However, these findings were inconsistent. We investigated associations between use of bottles, pacifiers, and other sucking behaviors with speech disorders in children attending three preschools in Punta Arenas (Patagonia), Chile.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Information on infant feeding and sucking behaviors, age starting and stopping breast- and bottle-feeding, pacifier use, and other sucking behaviors, was collected from self-administered questionnaires completed by parents. Evaluation of speech problems was conducted at preschools with subsequent scoring by a licensed speech pathologist using age-normative standards.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 128 three- to five-year olds were assessed, 46% girls and 54% boys. Children were breastfed for an average of 25.2 (SD 9.6) months and used a bottle 24.4 (SD 15.2) months. Fifty-three children (41.7%) had or currently used a pacifier for an average of 11.4 (SD 17.3) months; 23 children (18.3%) were reported to have sucked their fingers. Delayed use of a bottle until after 9 months appeared to be protective for subsequent speech disorders. There was less than a one-third lower relative odds of subsequent speech disorders for children with a delayed use of a bottle compared to children without a delayed use of a bottle (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98). A three-fold increase in relative odds of speech disorder was found for finger-sucking behavior (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.10-8.00) and for use of a pacifier for 3 or more years (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.08-10.81).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results suggest extended use of sucking outside of breastfeeding may have detrimental effects on speech development in young children.</p

Verificação da eficiência da abordagem terapêutica miofuncional em casos de desvio fonológico, fonético e fonético-fonológico Efficiency of myofunctional therapy in cases of phonological, phonetic and phonetic-phonological disorders

TEMA: o tema desta pesquisa é o uso da terapia miofuncional em casos de desvios fonético e/ou fonológicos. PROCEDIMENTOS: foram incluídos sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre seis e 13 anos, que apresentassem desvio fonético-fonológico, e alterações do sistema estomatognático, com idade mínima de quatro anos. Considerou-se como critério de exclusão a presença de malformações, síndromes genéticas, suspeita de alterações neurológicas, déficit cognitivo ou psicológico, perda auditiva, diagnóstico de atraso de linguagem, terapia fonoaudiológica anterior, e alterações oclusais. Realizou-se anamnese, avaliação do sistema estomatognático, exame articulatório, triagem auditiva e avaliação otorrinolaringológica. Com os sujeitos selecionados, foram realizados dois atendimentos semanais, de terapia miofuncional. Realizaram-se sondagens a cada oito sessões de atendimento. Foram comparados o número de fones/fonemas da fala e estruturas/aspectos do sistema estomatognático alterados antes e depois da terapia miofuncional, comparação entre os sujeitos em relação ao tempo de terapia de acordo com a alteração de fala apresentada, comparação entre os grupos quanto ao número de fones/fonemas e aspectos os sistema estomatognático alterados antes e depois da terapia miofuncional. RESULTADOS: os sujeitos com desvio fonológico apresentavam entre um e quatro fonemas alterados, os sujeitos com desvio fonético apresentavam um fone alterados; já os sujeitos com desvio fonético-fonológico apresentavam cinco e seis fones/fonemas alterados, respectivamente. Os casos de desvio fonológico e fonético tiveram a fala adequada. Um dos sujeitos com desvio fonético-fonológico teve a fala adequada, e o outro permaneceu com um fone alterado. CONCLUSÃO: a terapia miofuncional demonstrou-se eficiente em casos de desvios fonético e/ou fonológicos.<br>BACKGROUND:the use of myofunctional therapy in cases of phonetic and/or phonological disorders. PROCEDURES: we included subjects being six and 13 year old, both genders, with phonetic and/or phonological disorders, and stomatognathic system alterations. We considered an exclusion criterion the presence of malformations, genetic syndromes, suspected neurological, psychological or cognitive impairment, hearing loss, diagnosis of language delay, speech therapy before, and malocclusion. Were held anamnesis, evaluation of the stomatognathic system, articulatory examination, hearing screening and othorrinolaringological evaluation. We held two therapy weekly. Surveys were carried out every eight sections. We analyzed the comparison between the number of speech sounds and features/structures of the stomatognathic system alterations before and after such therapy, and also the comparison between subjects in relation to length of therapy according to the found speech disorder. RESULTS: the subjects with phonological disorder showed between one and four alerted phonemes, the subjects with a phonetic deviation showed one altered phoneme, but the subjects with a phonetic-phonological deviation had five to six altered phones/phonemes, respectively. The cases of phonological and phonetic deviation had proper speech. One of the subjects with a phonetic-phonological deviation had proper speech, and the other showed an altered phone. CONCLUSION: myofunctional therapy was efficient in cases of phonetic and/or phonological deviations