On equivalence classes in iterative learning control

This paper advocates a new approach to study the relation between causal iterative learning control (ILC) and conventional feedback control. Central to this approach is the introduction of the set of admissible pairs (of operators) defined with respect to a family of iterations. Considered are two problem settings: standard ILC, which does not include a current cycle feedback (CCF) term and CCF-ILC, which does. By defining an equivalence relation on the set of admissible pairs, it is shown that in the standard ILC problem there exists a bijective map between the induced equivalence classes and the set of all stabilizing controllers. This yields the well-known Youla parameterization as a corollary. These results do not extend in full generality to the case of CCF-ILC; though gain every admissible pair defines a stabilizing equivalent controller, the converse is no longer true in general

Innovation in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda

This article brings together empirical academic research on public sector innovation. Via a systematic literature review we investigate 181 articles and books on public sector innovation, published between 1990 and 2014. These studies are analysed based on the following themes: (1) the definitions of innovation, (2) innovation types, (3) goals of innovation, (4) antecedents of innovation and (5) outcomes of innovation. Based upon this analysis, we develop an empirically-based framework of potentially important antecedents and effects of public sector innovation. We propose three future research suggestions: (1) more variety in methods: moving from a qualitative dominance to using other methods, such as surveys, experiments and multi-method approaches; (2) emphasize theory development and testing as studies are often theory-poor; and (3) conduct more cross-national and cross-sectoral studies, linking for instance different governance and state traditions to the development and effects of public sector innovation

Innovations in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda

Abstract In the public administration literature there has been increasing attention to innovation, due to for instance New Public Management (NPM), budget constraints of states and societal problems like ageing. However, enquiry is mainly based on conceptual or normative articles and books, thereby lacking an evidence-based approach. Based on a systematic review of the literature in the period 1990-2013 this article synthesize empirical publications on public sector innovation - linking innovation as a process and innovation as an outcome. The articles are analyzed based on the themes of the definitions of innovations, objectives, types, influential factors to the innovation process (including the adoption and diffusion stage) and outcomes. We further identified whether the studies referred to certain policy fields as well as their employed methods. The research shows that influential factors related to both the organizational, environmental and employee level as well as innovation characteristics should be taken into account. Our findings concentrate on the huge variety in the field, which points to the very fragmented nature of public innovation. We propose an agenda for the study of public sector innovation that address various methodological, theoretical and empirical gaps

Unravelling public sector innovation

Public organizations around the world are facing unprecedented challenges that affect their legitimacy. These challenges refer to issues such as the ageing population, climate change and youth unemployment. At the same time, these organizations are forced to cope with shrinking budgets. Further, they are confronted with growing demands from their employees who, among other things, increasingly seek flexible working programs. In order to address these challenges, public organizations are increasingly urged to develop and adopt new practices that amount to a discontinuity with the past. We refer to this as public sector innovation

Innovation in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda

__Abstract__ This article consolidates the empirical state-of-the-art on academic research on public sector innovation. Done by the method of a systematic review of the literature (1990-2014), 158 articles and books are analysed, based on the themes of the 1) definition of innovation, 2) innovation types, 3) objectives, 4) influential factors to the innovation process (including the adoption and diffusion stage) and 5) outcomes. Results shows that most studies do not pay attention to the outcomes of the innovation process. Furthermore, more quantitative studies are welcome, given the qualitative dominance in the field. Based upon the systematic review, an overall empirical based model is presented regarding the potential influential factors, types and outcomes of innovation in the public sector. Directions for future research are proposed that address various methodological, theoretical and empirical gaps. Keywords: • Systematic review • Public sector innovation • Diffusion • Adoptio