30 research outputs found
Candida dubliniensis: An Appraisal of Its Clinical Significance as a Bloodstream Pathogen
A nine-year prospective study (2002–2010) on the prevalence of Candida dubliniensis among Candida bloodstream isolates is presented. The germ tube positive isolates were provisionally identified as C. dubliniensis by presence of fringed and rough colonies on sunflower seed agar. Subsequently, their identity was confirmed by Vitek2 Yeast identification system and/or by amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. In all, 368 isolates were identified as C. dubliniensis; 67.1% came from respiratory specimens, 11.7% from oral swabs, 9.2% from urine, 3.8% from blood, 2.7% from vaginal swabs and 5.4% from other sources. All C. dubliniensis isolates tested by Etest were susceptible to voriconazole and amphotericin B. Resistance to fluconazole (≥8 µg/ml) was observed in 2.5% of C. dubliniensis isolates, 7 of which occurred between 2008–2010. Of note was the diagnosis of C. dubliniensis candidemia in 14 patients, 11 of them occurring between 2008–2010. None of the bloodstream isolate was resistant to fluconazole, while a solitary isolate showed increased MIC to 5-flucytosine (>32 µg/ml) and belonged to genotype 4. A review of literature since 1999 revealed 28 additional cases of C. dubliniensis candidemia, and 167 isolates identified from blood cultures since 1982. In conclusion, this study highlights a greater role of C. dubliniensis in bloodstream infections than hitherto recognized
Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)
Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced
Uncommon presentation of pulmonary aspergilloma
Cases of pulmonary aspergilloma without any predisposing factors are
rarely reported. Clinical presentation varies from case to case. Here,
we report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma in a 60-year-old male
patient who was admitted to the Intensive Respiratory Care Unit with
spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient had a history of dyspnea on
exertion since 9 months and mild haemoptysis since the last 6 months. A
computerised tomographic scan of the lungs showed a lesion in the left
main bronchus along with obstructive emphysema of the right lung,
moderate pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema. Bronchoscopy was
performed and the biopsy samples were processed for histopathological
examination and culture on Sabouraud′s dextrose agar, which
yielded growth of Aspergillus flavus . Repeat sputum samples also
yielded the growth of A. flavus . The patient responded to intravenous
liposomaamphotericin B and intercostal drainage
Neonatal septicaemia in a premature infant due to Candida dubliniensis
Candida dubliniensis is a recently described species that shares many
features with Candida albicans . There are very few reports of
isolation of this species from bloodstream in adults and paediatric
population. Here we report a case of neonatal septicaemia produced by
C. dubliniensis in a premature infant admitted to neonatal intensive
care unit. The preterm male neonate with a gestational age of 30 weeks
and a birth weight of 1.2 kg presented with respiratory distress
syndrome for which mechanical ventilation was provided. In spite of
receiving antibiotics, the patient developed fever. C.dubliniensis
was repeatedly isolated from the blood culture of the patient collected
aseptically from different sites. The patient was successfully treated
with amphotericin B
Prostatic abscess by Staphylococcus aureus in a diabetic patient
Prostatic abscess is uncommon and difficult to diagnose because the
clinical presentation may mimic symptoms of lower urinary tract
infection. We report here a case of prostatic abscess in a 50-year-old
known diabetic male patient, who presented with urinary retention.
Clinical diagnosis was done by clinical presentation and
ultrasonography. The causative agents i.e., Staphylococcus aureus was
isolated from the aspirate and the patient responded to intravenous
Ciprofloxacin therapy. No other surgical intervention was required to
treat the patient