Engineering self-organising helium bubble lattices in tungsten

The self-organisation of void and gas bubbles in solids into a superlattices is an intriguing nanoscale phenomenon. Despite the discovery of these lattices 30 years ago, the atomistics behind the ordering mechanisms responsible for the formation of these nanostructures are yet to be fully elucidated. Here we report on the direct observation via transmission electron microscopy of the formation of bubble lattices under He+ ion bombardment. By careful control of the irradiation conditions, it has been possible to engineer the bubble size and spacing of the superlattice leading to important conclusions about the significance of vacancy supply in determining the physical characteristics of the system. Furthermore, no bubble lattice alignment was observed in the directions pointing to a key driving mechanism for the formation of these ordered nanostructures being the two-dimensional diffusion of self-interstitial atoms

The potential for immunoglobulins and host defense peptides (HDPs) to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production

Abstract Innate defense mechanisms are aimed at quickly containing and removing infectious microorganisms and involve local stromal and immune cell activation, neutrophil recruitment and activation and the induction of host defense peptides (defensins and cathelicidins), acute phase proteins and complement activation. As an alternative to antibiotics, innate immune mechanisms are highly relevant as they offer rapid general ways to, at least partially, protect against infections and enable the build-up of a sufficient adaptive immune response. This review describes two classes of promising alternatives to antibiotics based on components of the innate host defense. First we describe immunoglobulins applied to mimic the way in which they work in the newborn as locally acting broadly active defense molecules enforcing innate immunity barriers. Secondly, the potential of host defense peptides with different modes of action, used directly, induced in situ or used as vaccine adjuvants is described

Religion and forgiveness from a Hong Kong Chinese perspective

This study investigated the relationship between religion and forgiveness in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese teachers (n=230) and students (n=714). Findings indicated some influence from Chinese cultural values in the conceptualization of forgiveness. Religious affiliation was the strongest predictor of concepts of forgiveness, whereas religious practice predicted attitudes toward "forgivingness" and the practice of forgiveness. No significant difference in forgiveness between believers and non-believers in real life situations was reported. Implications for future research on forgiveness are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Study Site Standard Operating Procedure SOP: S4 - Staff education and documentation

Many authors did study Lamb’s problem for an anisotropic half space belonging to the hexagonal system of symmetry. The first application of the Cagniard — de Hoop method to study the line source configuration is due to Kraut [1]. Following this pioneering contribution, Suh et al. [2] have extended such method to the point like source case. More recently, Payton [3] further developed to analytical calculations of the epicentre displacement fields