20 research outputs found
Obostrani pneumotoraks kao komplikacija perkutane traheotomije: prikaz sluÄaja
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure that is becoming the method of choice in critically ill patients whenever prolonged airway secure and/ or ventilation support is needed. Although adverse events are relatively uncommon, serious life threatening complications can arise from this bedside procedure. We report a case of a 70-year-old female who developed extensive subcutaneous emphysema and bilateral pneumothorax immediately after a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedure. Different mechanisms, such as damage to posterior or anterior tracheal wall, false passage or paratracheal placement or dislocation of the cannula are considered to be responsible for the development of pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. Although bronchoscopic control after the tracheostomy procedure did not reveal any tracheal injury, we believe that subcutaneous emphysema and bilateral pneumothorax are most likely caused by procedure induced injuries of the trachea in addition to the applied high airway pressure induced by excessive or inappropriate ventilation. In our case report, we would like to emphasize that continuous bronchoscopic guidance during percutaneous tracheostomy is invaluable in decreasing the incidence of its overall complications, especially during enhancing the team experience.Perkutana dilatacijska traheotomija je uÄestali kirurÅ”ki zahvat koji postaje metodom osiguravanja diÅ”noga puta u kritiÄnih bolesnika i bolesnika na dugotrajnoj mehaniÄkoj ventilaciji. Iako su popratni uÄinci relativno rijetki, metoda je vezana uz moguÄnost nastanka za život opasnih komplikacija. Prikazujemo sluÄaj 70-godiÅ”nje žene kod koje je doÅ”lo do razvoja opsežnog potkožnog emfizema i obostranog pneumotoraksa neposredno nakon izvoÄenja perkutane traheotomije. RazliÄiti mehanizmi kao Å”to su oÅ”teÄenje stražnjeg ili prednjeg zida duÅ”nika, lažni prolaz ili paratrahealno postavljanje ili dislokacija kanile mogu se smatrati odgovornim za nastanak pneumotoraksa i potkožnog emfizema. U naÅ”em prikazu sluÄaja, iako nakon perkutane traheotomije bronhoskopskim pregledom nije naÄeno oÅ”teÄenje duÅ”nika, smatramo da je uzrok nastanka potkožnoga emfizema i obostranog pneumotoraksa najvjerojatnije procedurom nastala ozljeda duÅ”nika i primjena visokog tlaka u diÅ”nim putovima izazvanog prejakom ili neodgovarajuÄom ventilacijom. Ovim prikazom sluÄaja željeli bismo naglasiti važnost bronhoskopske vizualizacije tijekom izvoÄenja perkutane traheotomije u prevenciji nastanka moguÄih komplikacija, osobito u razdoblju usvajanja ove kliniÄke vjeÅ”tine
DELIRIUM INCIDENCE IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Delirij je ozbiljan neuropsihijatrijski poremeÄaj a delirij djece u jedinicama intenzivnog lijeÄenja je kao kliniÄki entitet neprepoznat. Rana dijagnoza delirija djece važna je zbog pravovremene terapije i raznih psihosocijalnih postupaka. Dijagnostika delirija u djeÄjoj populaciji je otežana jer postoji viÅ”e ljestvica i testova ali niti jedan nije dovoljno specifiÄan i osjetljiv za procjenu mentalnog statusa djece u jedinicama intenzivnog lijeÄenja. Algoritam za dijagnostiku i lijeÄenje delirija djece u jedinicama intenzivnog lijeÄenja ne postoji te je potrebno dodatnih kliniÄkih ispitivanja i radova radi poboljÅ”anja dijagnostike i terapije tog ozbiljnog kliniÄkog entiteta.Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder and pediatric delirium (PD) is a similarly serious condition. PD is understudied and very often misdiagnosed, especially in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). It is important to early diagnose PD, so that early psychosocial interventions and therapy can be introduced. Valid diagnostic instruments are needed at PICU to assess PD. There
are many scales and tests to diagnose delirium but none of them is specific enough to diagnose PD. Although PD is a serious complication at PICU, clinical guidelines for PD are still lacking, therefore additional investigations are needed to bring them out
ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME OF THE MUSCLE IN INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS
Akutni sindrom tijesnog miÅ”iÄnog odjeljka je stanje poviÅ”enog tkivnog tlaka unutar zatvorenog miÅ”iÄnog odjeljka s posljediÄnim ishemijskim lezijama svih struktura unutar odjeljka. Dijagnoza postavljena u ranoj fazi bolesti i žurno obnavljanje cirkulacije najvažniji su za izbjegavanje teÅ”kih lokalnih komplikacija s trajnim oÅ”teÄenjima i sistemskih Äak po život opasnih komplikacija. Temelj za postavljanje dijagnoze ovog sindroma je, usprkos nedostacima, kliniÄka procjena. MeÄutim, u teÅ”kih bolesnika, Äesto s ozljedama viÅ”e organskih sustava koji zahtijevaju lijeÄenje u jedinici intenzivnog lijeÄenja samo kliniÄka procjena može biti
nedostatna. U takvim sluÄajevima postavljanje dijagnoze može olakÅ”ati direktno mjerenje tkivnog tlaka unutar odjeljka. Cilj ovog preglednog Älanka je naglaÅ”avanje važnosti rutinskog dnevnog nadzora bolesnika u kojih postoji rizik za razvoj sindroma tijesnog miÅ”iÄnog odjeljka s ciljem pravodobnog postavljanja dijagnoze, prevencije i lijeÄenja tog teÅ”kog stanja.Acute compartment syndrome of the muscle occurs when elevation of tissue pressure in closed fascial compartments results in muscle and nerve ischemia. Prompt diagnosis and decompression is essential to avoid the devastating local complications with permanent disabilities and systemic even lethal complications. Despite its drawbacks, clinical assessment is still the diagnostic cornerstone of acute compartment syndrome. In critically multisystem injured patients, it often presents silently and clinical examination alone may be insufficient. Intracompartmental pressure measurement is a useful adjunct and can confirm the diagnosis when clinical assessment is difficult. In this article, the etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy is discussed and underscores the importance of routine surveillance for acute compartment syndrome of muscle
Neurorehabilitation and robotics in individuals with upper extremity hemiparesis after stroke
Cilj: Neurorehabilitacija bolesnika nakon moždanog udara predstavlja velik izazov, a robotski sustavi kao nadogradnja konvencionalne rehabilitacije predmet su brojnih istraživanja. Tako je pri Zavodu za fizikalnu i rehabilitacijsku medicinu KBC-a Rijeka provedeno istraživanje u kojem je koriÅ”ten robotski ureÄaj Armeo SpringĀ® (Hocoma, Å vicarska) s ciljem procjene uÄinkovitosti njegove primjene. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je ukljuÄeno 40 bolesnika koji su zadobili moždani udar s posljediÄnom hemiparezom, a ukljuÄeni su u neurorehabilitaciju u subakutnoj fazi, prosjeÄno 47,31 (Ā± SD = 24,74) dana nakon moždanog udara. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine, od po 20 bolesnika i obje skupine provodile su vježbe dva puta dnevno. Ispitivana skupina bolesnika provela je konvencionalne postupke fizioterapije po Bobath konceptu uz dodatnu robotsku terapiju na ureÄaju Armeo SpringĀ® (Hocoma, Å vicarska), a dvadeset bolesnika kontrolne skupine provodilo je konvencionalnu fizioterapiju po Bobath konceptu dva puta dnevno. Procjena uÄinkovitosti mjerena je funkcijskim indeksom onesposobljenosti (engl. Functional Independent Measurement; FIM) i ocjenskom ljestvicom motoriÄke procjene (engl. Motor Assessment Scale; MAS), a procjena je vrÅ”ena prije i poslije provedene neurorehabilitacije. Rezultati: PraÄenjem triju varijabli, cjelokupni FIM test, cjelokupni MAS test (MAS U) te MAS test za funkciju ruke (engl. Motor Assessment Scale za funkciju ruke; MAS FR), uoÄena je statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika (P < 0,05) izmeÄu ispitivane i kontrolne skupine. ZakljuÄak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da pokreti potpomognuti ureÄajem Armeo SpringĀ® poboljÅ”avaju ishod rehabilitacije i nadopunjuju konvencionalnu terapiju. Posebno je ohrabrujuÄi podatak da smo svoje rezultate postigli kod bolesnika u subakutnoj fazi rehabilitacije nakon moždanog udara.Aim: Neurorehabilitation of patients after stroke is a major challenge, and robotic systems as an upgrade to conventional rehabilitation have been the subject of numerous studies. Thus, a research was conducted at the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the University Hospital Center Rijeka in which an Armeo SpringĀ® (Hocoma, Switzerland) robotic device was used in order to evaluate the effectiveness of its application. Subjects and methods: The study included 40 patients after stroke with consequent hemiparesis and were involved in subacute phase neurorehabilitation, averaging 47.31 (Ā± SD = 24.74) days after stroke. Patients were divided into two groups of 20 patients and both groups performed exercises twice a day. The examined group of patients performed conventional physiotherapy procedures according to the Bobath concept with additional robotic therapy on the Armeo SpringĀ® device (Hocoma, Switzerland) and twenty patients of the control group performed conventional physiotherapy according to the Bobath concept twice a day. Performance assessment was measured by the Functional Independent Measurement (FIM) and the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) and the assessment was performed before and after neurorehabilitation. Results: Monitoring three variables, the overall FIM test, the overall MAS test (MAS U) and the MAS test for upper extremity function (Motor Assessment Scale for upper extremity function; MAS UE) showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between the examined and control groups. Conclusion: The research has shown that Armeo SpringĀ®-assisted movements improve the outcome of rehabilitation and complement conventional therapy. It is especially encouraging that we achieved our results in patients in the subacute phase of rehabilitation after stroke
Specificities of anesthesia in bariatic surgery
Kirurgija pretilosti je jedna od najuÄinkovitijih metoda u lijeÄenju patoloÅ”ke pretilosti. Ti bolesnici zbog razliÄitih anatomskih i fizioloÅ”kih promjena uzrokovanih debljinom i pridruženim bolestima predstavljaju poseban izazov za anesteziologe. U ovom preglednom Älanku dajemo kratak pregled sadaÅ”njih znanja vezanih uz pretilost i perioperacijsko voÄenje bolesnika predviÄenih za barijatriÄke operacijske zahvate.Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective methods for treating patients with morbid obesity. Obese patients present challenge for the anaesthesiologist because of the various anatomic and physiological changes related to obesity and associated comorbid diseases. In this review we give a brief overview of current knowledge related to obesity and perioperative management of patients scheduled for bariatric surgery
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT
Razvojem i usavrÅ”avanjem laparoskopske kirurgije i poznavanjem njezinih patofizioloÅ”kih posljedica na organizam, proÅ”irile su se indikacije za laparoskopske kirurÅ”ke zahvate te se danas laparoskopska tehnika rabi kao terapijska i dijagnostiÄka metoda. Iako se službeno ne smatra kontraindikacijom, ugraÄeni ventrikuloperitonealni kateter nosi poviÅ”en perioperacijski rizik od laparoskopskih kirurÅ”kih zahvata zbog moguÄnosti poviÅ”enja intrakranijalnog tlaka tijekom pneumoperitoneuma. Od 1992. godine kada je uÄinjena prva laparoskopska kolecistektomija u Hrvatskoj, u Klinici za kirurgiju KB Ā»Sveti DuhĀ« laparoskopskom tehnikom operirana su tri bolesnika s ugraÄenim ventrikuloperitonealnim kateterom. U sva tri bolesnika operacija i poslijeoperacijski tijek protekli su bez komplikacija. U ovom Älanku dajemo prikaz spomenutih triju sluÄajeva i kraÄi pregled literatureBecause of development of laparoscopic surgery and by knowing of its pathophysiological effects on organism, indications for laparoscopic surgery have become more extensive, so this method is today used for therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Although ventriculoperitoneal shunt is not normally considered a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery, pneumoperitoneum is described as a cause of raised intracranial pressure. Since 1992 when the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done at the University Department of Surgery of Sveti Duh Clinical Hospital in Zagreb, three patients with implanted ventriculoperitoneal shunt were managed successfully laparoscopically. In all three patients, there were no complications during and after the surgery. In this paper we present our experience of three cases and short review of the literature
NONINVASIVE VENTILATION IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Akutno zatajenje disanja relativno je Äesta poslijeoperacijska komplikacija, a najÄeÅ”Äe se javlja u bolesnika s prijeoperacijski poremeÄenom pluÄnom funkcijom i/ili nakon velikih torako-abdominalnih operacija. Iako se endotrahealna intubacija i mehaniÄka ventilacija joÅ” uvijek smatraju osnovom u lijeÄenju bolesnika s akutnim zatajenjem disanja, literaturni podatci ukazuju da je mortalitet tih bolesnika usko povezan s komplikacijama vezanim uz intubaciju i mehaniÄku ventilaciju. Zbog toga je cilj sprijeÄiti komplikacije i ako je moguÄe izbjeÄi endotrahealnu intubaciju. Neinvazivna ventilacija (NIV) je oblik mehaniÄke potpore koja ne zahtijeva postavljanje endotrahealnog tubusa te se danas sve ÄeÅ”Äe koristi u proilaktiÄke i terapijske svrhe kod kirurÅ”kih bolesnika s akutnim zatajenjem disanja. U ovom Älanku dajemo kratak pregled indikacija i ograniÄenja neinvazivne ventilacije u perioperacijskom razdoblju.Acute respiratory failure is relatively common postoperative complication, occurs frequently in patients with preexisting compromised respiratory function and/or undergoing major thoracoabdominal procedures. Although endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation is still considered the cornerstone for the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure, literature data have shown that mortality of these patients is closely associated to complications of intubation and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the goal is to prevent complications and if possible to avoid endotracheal intubation. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a form of mechanical support that does not require endotracheal intubation and is nowadays often used in prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in surgical patients with acute respiratory failure. In this article we give a brief overview of the indications and limitations of non-invasive ventilation in perioperative period
Specificities of anesthesia in bariatic surgery
Kirurgija pretilosti je jedna od najuÄinkovitijih metoda u lijeÄenju patoloÅ”ke pretilosti. Ti bolesnici zbog razliÄitih anatomskih i fizioloÅ”kih promjena uzrokovanih debljinom i pridruženim bolestima predstavljaju poseban izazov za anesteziologe. U ovom preglednom Älanku dajemo kratak pregled sadaÅ”njih znanja vezanih uz pretilost i perioperacijsko voÄenje bolesnika predviÄenih za barijatriÄke operacijske zahvate.Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective methods for treating patients with morbid obesity. Obese patients present challenge for the anaesthesiologist because of the various anatomic and physiological changes related to obesity and associated comorbid diseases. In this review we give a brief overview of current knowledge related to obesity and perioperative management of patients scheduled for bariatric surgery