Modeling population dynamics of Anoda cristata in a glyphosate-resistant soybean crop under different management systems

ABSTRACT A computer simulation model was developed to describe Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht seedbank dynamics in soybeans. The model considers different weed management strategies: absence of control, control with the recommended rate and with glyphosate at half the recommended rate, and two soybean row spacings (35 and 70 cm). The model was evaluated using data from previous experiments obtained for four consecutive years. The model accurately reproduced the seedbank dynamics. The seedbank decreased more in weed management strategies without seed production. In absence of control, the seedbank reached an equilibrium density. When seeds were produced every year, the model output was more sensitive to changes in the rate of predation; but without seed production, seed mortality was the most important process. Simulation demonstrated that long-term eradication may occur with continuous use of glyphosate at the recommended rate or with the combination of soybean at 35 cm between rows and glyphosate at half the recommended rate

Densidade e características morfológicas de plantas de picão-preto na previsão de perdas de rendimento de grãos de soja por interferência Density and morphological plant characteristics of beggarticks in predicting soybean grain yield losses due to interference

A utilização de sistemas para manejo integrado de plantas daninhas depende da habilidade em se prever o impacto da infestação de plantas daninhas no potencial de rendimento de grãos da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar diferentes variáveis explicativas para uso no modelo da hipérbole retangular, a fim de identificar aquela que forneça melhor previsão da interferência de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa e Bidens subalternans, em infestações mistas) em soja. Foram realizados experimentos em dois ambientes, localizados em Passo Fundo e Eldorado do Sul, RS. Utilizaram-se densidades variáveis de picão-preto e três épocas de semeadura da soja (3, 7 e 11 dias após a dessecação da cobertura vegetal das áreas). Avaliou-se a densidade das plantas daninhas aos 20 e 30 dias após a emergência da soja (DAE) e na pré-colheita e características morfológicas de plantas de picão-preto, como densidade de folhas, área foliar e cobertura foliar do solo aos 20 DAE. Constatou-se que a variável explicativa densidade de plantas de picão-preto propiciou ajustes satisfatórios do modelo; no entanto, ela não integra os efeitos de ambientes e de épocas de semeadura da cultura, diferentemente do que ocorreu para as características morfológicas. Dentre estas, destacam-se a densidade de folhas e a de área foliar como as de maior potencial de utilização como variáveis explicativas na previsão da perda de rendimento de grãos de soja por interferência de picão-preto.<br>The adoption of integrated weed management systems depends on the ability to foresee the impact of weeds on crop grain yield potential. The objective of this research was to compare different explicative variables to use in adjusting the rectangular hyperbolic model, in order to identify which one would provide best prediction of beggarticks (Bidens pilosa and Bidens subalternans, occurring in mixed infestations) interference on soybean crop. Experiments were carried out in two environments, located at Passo Fundo and Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. Various beggartick densities and three soybean seeding times (3, 7, and 11 days after cover crops desiccation) were used. Evaluations carried out were beggartick densities 20 and 30 days after soybean emergence (DAE) and at crop harvesting time, and weed plant morphological characteristics, such as leaf density, leaf area, and soil leaf coverage, all performed 20 DAE. It was detected that the explicative variable beggartick plant density provided satisfactory adjustments of the equation model; nevertheless, it does not integrate the effects of environments nor of crop seeding time, differently of what happened with the morphological characteristics. Among them, leaf density and leaf area showed greater potential for use as explicative variables in predicting soybean grain yield losses due to beggartick interference