A comparative study of oral iron and intravenous iron in iron deficient antenatal mothers

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy, tolerance and compliance between oral iron and intravenous infusion of iron in iron deficient antenatal mother.Methods: This is a prospective randomised clinical and interventional study in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital. The antenatal women attending the antenatal op were screened for Hb status. Those antenatal women of gestational age 16-34 weeks with Hb level between 7-10g% and diagnosed to have iron deficiency anemia by peripheral smear and serum ferritin were included in this study after getting informed consent. The total numbers of 100 mothers were allotted into two major groups, group A and group B of 50 subjects each. Group A: 50 pregnant women given oral iron supplementation (carbonyl iron 100 mg twice a day). Group B: 50 pregnant women given intravenous iron sucrose therapy after calculating the total iron requirement. The rise in hemoglobin in both the groups were comparedResults: In this study the mean rise of hemoglobin in carbonyl iron was 0.914±0.20 gm% whereas in iron sucrose group was 2.43±0.20gm%. This showed that iron sucrose (i.v) had better rise in Hb than carbonyl iron (oral).Conclusions: The present study revealed that intravenous iron sucrose therapy was bettertolerated with higher increase in mean haemoglobin compared to oral iron therapy. There were no serious side effects with intravenous iron sucrose therapy. Intravenous iron sucrose is a good substitute to oral iron therapy in moderate anaemia

Solvent-free reactions using cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate and cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate-cis-1,2-dihydroxylation of alkenes, oxidation of alcohols and regeneration of aldehydes and ketones from oximes

Cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate (CTAP) and cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate (CTAD) have been known to be good oxidizing agents in organic solvent media. This homogeneous solution phase procedure itself is a useful advantage over oxidation reactions carried out employing inorganic manganese salts (e.g., KMnO4) or chromium salts (e.g., Kr2Cr2O7) performed under heterogeneous conditions. Now we have found that oxidation reactions using CTAP or CTAD do not require a solvent medium, and can be performed under completely solvent-free conditions. We have carried out 1,2-dihydroxylation of olefins with CTAP, oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones with CTAD, and regeneration of aldehydes and ketones from their oxime derivatives using either reagent, essentially under solid phase conditions. The results are excellent. As a dihydroxylating agent the CTAP is so good that it should be able to replace the highly toxic and expensive OsO4 for this reaction. © 2009 King Saud University

Wave Forecasting In Arabian Sea Using Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Effective Sidewall Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Dichlorocarbene Addition using New Soluble Multi-site Phase Transfer Catalysts

The novel soluble multi-site phase transfer catalysts (MPTCs), viz., 2,6-bis (triethylammoniummethylene chloride)-4-methoxytoluene (BTEACM) and 3,3’,5,5’-tetrakis (dimethylaminopyridinium chloride) biphenyl (TDMAPCB) containing two, and four active sites was synthesized, and characterized through Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The obtained MPTCs were used as a catalysts for sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in dichlorocarbene (CCl2) addition, and compared their functionalization yield with commercially available single site PTC and tri-site PTC viz., benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and 2,4,6-tris (triethylammoniummethylene chloride) mesitylene (TTEAMCM). The functionalization of CCl2 on MWCNTs was established by the appearance of increased peak intensity of C-Cl(str) at 700 cm-1 and decreased peak intensity of C-C(str) at 1260 cm-1 in FTIR analysis. The increased ID/IG ratio from pristine MWCNTs (0.3) to MWCNT-CCl2 hybrid (1.58) obtained from Raman studies strongly proved the covalent functionalization of CCl2 on MWCNTs. Furthermore, the change of surface morphology, and increased diameter of MWCNT-CCl2 hybrids obtained from irrespective of MPTCs were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Hence, TDMAPCB showed higher reactivity for sidewall functionalization of MWCNTs in CCl2 addition

A Review on Antiulcer Activity of Few Indian Medicinal Plants

Ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder which is seen among many people. It is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the alimentary tract. Ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance. It may be due to the regular usage of drugs, irregular food habits, stress, and so forth. Peptic ulcers are a broad term that includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice plus a breakdown in mucosal defenses. A number of synthetic drugs are available to treat ulcers. But these drugs are expensive and are likely to produce more side effects when compared to herbal medicines. The literature revealed that many medicinal plants and polyherbal formulations are used for the treatment of ulcer by various ayurvedic doctors and traditional medicinal practitioners. The ideal aims of treatment of peptic ulcer disease are to relieve pain, heal the ulcer, and delay ulcer recurrence. In this review attempts have been made to know about some medicinal plants which may be used in ayurvedic as well as modern science for the treatment or prevention of peptic ulcer

Right Iliac Fossa Mass: A Clinical study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE : Mass in the right iliac fossa is a common clinical entity encountered in surgical practice. It is one diagnosis that has a varied range of pathologies and fits in aptly to the description that the abdomen is a pandora’s box. The main intention of this study is to know the varying modes of presentation, different modalities of diagnosis, treatment and management of right iliac fossa mass and to identify factors which can help in better management of these cases. METHODS : Fifty patients presenting to the general surgery department of Govt. Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical hospital, Chennai with a clinical diagnosis of Right Iliac Fossa Mass were included in the study. Period of Study was from November 2014 to August 2015. Inclusion criteria: Masses in right iliac fossa arising from the appendix, caecum, terminal ileum, retroperitoneal connective tissue and psoas abscesses are included Exclusion criteria: 1. Female patients with pathology related to uterus and its appendages. 2. Right iliac fossa masses secondary to extra-abdominal pathology. 3. Masses from structures which abnormally present in the right iliac fossa. 4. Bony swellings of the region. 5. Patients with right iliac fossa mass who are terminally ill. 6. Children less than 10 years of age. A detailed clinical history was elicited and a careful general physical and systemic examination was carried out along with the necessary investigations. Appropriate management was done Follow up period – 1 month RESULTS : The Data obtained in the study was analysed, and it was found that the male to female ratio was 2.8:1. Most patients were of appendicular pathology. Appendicular mass was seen in 22 patients and appendicular abscess in 6 patients. Appendicular pathology was seen in younger age groups and Carcinoma caecum was common in older group. Patients were also analysed based on clinical parameters, few laboratory investigations and the mode of treatment. The results are published in this study. CONCLUSION : • The highest incidence of mass in the right iliac fossa was seen in 3rd and 4th decade. Most of our patients were of low socio-economic status • Commonest presenting symptoms were pain in right iliac fossa, fever, vomiting, loss of weight • Tenderness was the prominent clinical sign which was elicited in most of these cases. • Appendicular mass was most common cause of RIF mass at our hospital constituting to 44 % of the cases. It is common in 3rd , 4th and 2nd decades of life. Male to female ratio was 19:4 (4.7:1). • In this series ileocaecal tuberculosis formed 18% of cases taken up for study of mass in the right iliac fossa most common only to appendicular mass. • Carcinoma, caecum formed 16% of cases of present study. 75% cases were seen in the age group above 50 years and oldest patient of this study was aged 68 years. • In present study 22% of cases of ileocaecal tuberculosis had associated pulmonary tuberculosis so patients with ileocaecal tuberculosis should be evaluated for chest symptoms and subjected for sputum AFB • USG is the most easily available bed side investigation for RIF mass presenting at our hospital CECT abdomen remains the Gold standard investigation for etiological diagnosis for RIF mass

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT (FLAVONE-3-RUTINOSIDE, 3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-PENTAHYDROXY) FROM LEAVES OF MELIA DUBIA

Objective: Various antioxidants are extensively found at different levels in many medicinal plants. This study mainly focuses on identification and separation of antioxidant from the leaf extract of Melia dubia. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet extraction adopted for extraction using solvents, namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 70% Ethanol, methanol, and water. The antioxidant capacity of six extracts was analyzed by quick and convenient 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The compound responsible for high scavenging activity was isolated and separated by chromatography techniques such as thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant was characterized by UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), H1-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), C13-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: On extraction, water extract shows the highest yield percentage followed by methanol and 70% ethanol. Based on our results, IC50 value among the extracts, methanol and 70% ethanol, showed high antioxidant activity. Antioxidant which is commonly present in the methanol and 70% ethanol extract is flavone-3-rutinoside, 3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-pentahydroxy. Conclusion: The occurrence of the antioxidant, i.e. rutin flavonoid was identified in the study, and the biological activity of this compound will determine in future work

Determination of gestational age: correlation between foetal biometry and transverse cerebellar diameter in women with uncomplicated pregnancy

Background: Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) serves as a reliable predictor of gestational age in foetus and is a standard against which aberrations in other foetal parameters can be compared, especially when the GA cannot be determined by the date of last menstrual period or early pregnancy scan, TCD is one foetal parameter that has remained consistently superior in predicting gestational age in both singleton and twin gestation. Aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of transverse cerebellar diameter by using ultrasonography for determining the gestational age of the foetus.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 100 uncomplicated pregnant patients between the 15th week of gestation to term referred from routine antenatal clinic in outpatient and in-patient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Vinayaka Mission Krupananda Variyar medical college and hospital, Salem during study period April 2015-March 2016. TCD is obtained in the axial plane in the cerebellar view i.e. with a slight rotation of the transducer approximately 30° from the conventional thalamic plane where the biparietal diameter is measured using the cavum septi pellucidi, third ventricle and thalami as landmarks.Results: The correlation of transcerebellar diameter (TCD) with that of BPD (bi-parietal diameter) had shown a perfect positive correlation (r = 0.978) and a similar type of correlation was also seen with HC (head circumference) (r = 0.979), AC (abdominal circumference) (r = 0.966), FL (femur length) (r = 0.976) and USG GA (ultrasonogram gestational age) (r = 0.983).Conclusions: In the normally developing foetus, the TCD increases in a linear fashion with advancing gestational age. The data of this study suggest foetal TCD on ultrasound is a reliable predictive biometric parameter of gestational age

Melhoria da qualidade ambiental de terras agricultáveis por meio da silvopastagem no sudeste dos Estados Unidos

Nossa hipótese é de que devido à habilidade das árvores seqüestrarem carbono (C) no perfil profundo do solo e remover o excesso de nutrientes dos solos, o sistema de silvopastagem agroflorestal poderia melhorar a qualidade ambiental de terras agricultáveis. Para testar esta hipótese, dois grupos de experimentos foram conduzidos em duas ordens de solos na Florida, Espodossolos e Ultissolos, com dois objetivos principais: i) determinar a acumulação de C do solo e investigar as fontes de C para as plantas nas frações dos solos, e ii) quantificar o fósforo solúvel em água (FSA) e estimar a capacidade de armazenamento de fósforo no solo (CAFS). O C total em ambos os solos foi maior sob o sistema de silvopastagem do que sob pastagens com menos árvores, particularmente nas profundidades mais baixas. A análise por assinatura de isótopo estável sugeriu que as plantas C3 (neste caso, slash pine, Pinis elliotti) contribuíram mais para a fração estável do carbono do que plantas C4 (neste caso, bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum) nas profundidades dos solos acima de 1 m. O FSA foi consistentemente maior em pastagens com poucas árvores, enquanto que a CAFS foi mais baixa neste sistema, sugerindo a grande probabilidade do fósforo ser mais facilmente movido do solo sob pastagens com poucas árvores do que nos sob silvopastagem. Deste modo, a presença de árvores em pastagens contribuiu para C mais estável nos perfis dos solos e o mais baixo FSA e a maior CAFS indicaram os grandes benefícios ambientais fornecidos pelos sistemas de silvopastagem comparados com as pastagens com poucas árvores em condições ecológicas similares.We hypothesized that, because of the ability of trees to sequester carbon (C) in the deep soil profile and remove excess nutrients from soils, the silvopastoral agroforestry system could enhance the environmental quality of the agricultural lands. To test this hypothesis, two sets of experiments were conducted in two soil orders in Florida, Spodosols and Ultisols, with two major objectives: i) determining the soil C accumulation and tracing the plant sources of C in soil fractions, and ii) quantifying water soluble phosphorus (WSP) and estimating the Soil P Storage Capacity (SPSC). Total C in both soil orders was greater under silvopasture than in treeless pastures, particularly at lower depths. Stable-isotope signature analysis suggested that C3 plants (in this case, slash pine, Pinus elliotii) contributed to a more stable C fraction than C4 plants (in this case, bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum) at soil depths up to 1 m. WSP was consistently higher in treeless pastures, while the remaining SPSC was lower in this land-use system, suggesting the greater likelihood of P moving out of the soil under treeless pasture than in silvopasture. Thus, the presence of trees in pastures contributed to more stable C within the soil profiles, lower WSP, and greater SPSC, indicating more environmental benefits provided by silvopastoral systems as compared to treeless pastures under similar ecological settings