Prediction of genetic gains with selection between and within S2 progenies of papaya using the REML/Blup analysis.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi predizer os ganhos genéticos em mamoeiro (Carica papaya) com a seleção dos indivíduos superiores dentro de progênies, por meio da análise REML/Blup. Foram avaliadas 36 progênies S2, oriundas dos híbridos Calimosa e Tainung 1, e duas testemunhas comerciais, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura de planta e do primeiro fruto; diâmetro de caule aos 12 e 18 meses; número de dias requeridos para surgimento do primeiro fruto; número, massa e massa média de frutos comerciais; e número e massa de frutos carpeloides e pentândricos. As magnitudes dos parâmetros genéticos estimados indicaram que a variabilidade presente, para a maioria dos caracteres, possibilita maiores ganhos genéticos se a seleção for praticada em progênies e não por plantas individuais. Para a seleção entre progênies, PROT-268, PROT-74, PROT-55 e PROT-22 foram as mais promissoras, com os maiores ganhos genéticos para os caracteres estudados. Na seleção entre e dentro de progênies, a predição dos ganhos é maior para o aumento da expressividade do número de frutos comerciais e para a redução da expressividade do número de frutos pentândricos.The objective of this work was to predict the genetic gains with selection of superior individuals within papaya (Carica papaya) progenies using the REML/Blup analysis. Thirty-six S2 progenies, originated from the Calimosa and Tainung 1 hybrids, and two commercial control checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following traits were evaluated: heights of plants and first fruit; stem diameter at 12 and 18 months; number of days required for fruiting; number, mass, and average mass of commercial fruit; and number and mass of carpelloid and pentandric fruit. The magnitudes of the genetic parameters indicated that the variability present in most of the characters allows greater genetic gain if the selection is made at the progeny level, and not in individual plants. For selection among progenies, PROT-268, PROT-74, PROT-55, and PROT-22 were the most promising, with the greatest genetic gain for the studied characters. In the selection among and within progenies, the prediction of the gains is higher for the increase in the expression of the number of commercial fruit and for the decrease in the expression of pentandric fruit

Sampling of cashew nuts from cashew tree clones.

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Queima-das-pontas-das-folhas-do-mamoeiro: nova doença da cultura e instruções de controle.

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GGE biplot for stability and adaptability in cashew tree clones.

The interaction genotype versus environment makes it difficult the genetic improvement of the species for the selection of more adapted and stable genotypes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate new clones of early dwarf cashews, in terms of stability and adaptability, employing the GGE biplot methodology. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks with four replications and 15 treatments (different clones). The variables evaluated were cashew production per plant (PCP), average mass of chashew (MMC) and early harvest (PRE). The clones G1 and G3 for MMC, G15, G2, G14 and G8 for PRE and G3, G10 and G2 for PCP approached the ideotype; the clones identified as top for each characteristic were not coincident; the majority of the clones were stable for MMC, while for PRE and PCP were not stable; the clone G4 had the best average in PRE, but with low stability; in the GGE biplot the environments A3 for MMC, A4 to PRE and A5 for PCP were the most discriminating; all environments had greater contribution in the differentiation of clones in PRE and MMC, for PCP were the environments A4 and A5; in relation at the average representativeness the environments A1 in MMC and A2 for PRE and PCP stood out. = A interação genótipos versus ambientes dificulta o melhoramento genético das espécies para a seleção de genótipos adaptados e estáveis. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar novos clones de cajueiro-anão precoce, quanto a estabilidade e adaptabilidade, empregando a metodologia Biplot GGE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e 15 tratamentos (diferentes clones). As variáveis avaliadas foram produção de castanha por planta (PCP), massa média de castanha (MMC) e precocidade de colheita (PRE). Os clones G1 e G3 para MMC; G15, G2, G14 e G8 para PRE e, G3, G10 e G2 para PCP se aproximaram do ideótipo; os clones identificados como superiores para cada característica não foram coincidentes; a maioria dos clones foram estáveis para MMC, enquanto que para PRE e PCP não foram estáveis; o clone G4 teve a melhor média em PRE, mas com baixa estabilidade; no GGE Biplot os ambientes A3 para MMC, A4 para PRE e A5 para PCP foram os mais discriminadores; todos os ambientes tiveram maior contribuição na diferenciação dos clones em PRE e MMC, para PCP foram os ambientes A4 e A5 e; em relação a representatividade média os ambientes A1 em MMC e A2 para PRE e PCP se destacaram

GGE biplot for stability and adaptability in cashew tree clones.

The interaction genotype versus environment makes it difficult the genetic improvement of the species for the selection of more adapted and stable genotypes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate new clones of early dwarf cashews, in terms of stability and adaptability, employing the GGE biplot methodology. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks with four replications and 15 treatments (different clones). The variables evaluated were cashew production per plant (PCP), average mass of chashew (MMC) and early harvest (PRE). The clones G1 and G3 for MMC, G15, G2, G14 and G8 for PRE and G3, G10 and G2 for PCP approached the ideotype; the clones identified as top for each characteristic were not coincident; the majority of the clones were stable for MMC, while for PRE and PCP were not stable; the clone G4 had the best average in PRE, but with low stability; in the GGE biplot the environments A3 for MMC, A4 to PRE and A5 for PCP were the most discriminating; all environments had greater contribution in the differentiation of clones in PRE and MMC, for PCP were the environments A4 and A5; in relation at the average representativeness the environments A1 in MMC and A2 for PRE and PCP stood out