Precision restoration: a necessary approach to foster forest recovery in the 21st century

We thank S. Tabik, E. Guirado, and Garnata Drone SL for fruitful debates about the application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence in restoration. E. McKeown looked over the English version of the manuscript. Original drawings were made by J. D. Guerrero. This work was supported by projects RESISTE (P18-RT-1927) from the Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, y Universidad from the Junta de Andalucia, and AVA201601.19 (NUTERA-DE I), DETECTOR (A-RNM-256-UGR18), and AVA2019.004 (NUTERA-DE II), cofinanced (80%) by the FEDER Program. F.M.-R. acknowledges the support of the Agreement 4580 between OTRI-UGR and the city council of La Zubia. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the manuscript.Forest restoration is currently a primary objective in environmental management policies at a global scale, to the extent that impressive initiatives and commitments have been launched to plant billions of trees. However, resources are limited and the success of any restoration effort should be maximized. Thus, restoration programs should seek to guarantee that what is planted today will become an adult tree in the future, a simple fact that, however, usually receives little attention. Here, we advocate for the need to focus restoration efforts on an individual plant level to increase establishment success while reducing negative side effects by using an approach that we term “precision forest restoration” (PFR). The objective of PFR will be to ensure that planted seedlings or sowed seeds will become adult trees with the appropriate landscape configuration to create functional and self-regulating forest ecosystems while reducing the negative impacts of traditional massive reforestation actions. PFR can take advantage of ecological knowledge together with technologies and methodologies from the landscape scale to the individual- plant scale, and from the more traditional, low-tech approaches to the latest high-tech ones. PFR may be more expensive at the level of individual plants, but will be more cost-effective in the long term if it allows for the creation of resilient forests able to providemultiple ecosystemservices. PFR was not feasible a few years ago due to the high cost and low precision of the available technologies, but it is currently an alternative that might reformulate a wide spectrum of ecosystem restoration activities.Junta de Andalucia P18-RT-1927European Commission AVA201601.19 A-RNM-256-UGR18 AVA2019.004OTRI-UGR 4580city council of La Zubia 458

Fifth European Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus Days (FiEDAD) 2016

Peer reviewe

Growth and conformation changes in the young Lusitano horse: evaluation from birth to one year of age

Nowadays, there is a rising interest in the Lusitano breed as a sport horse. Besides the suggested relationship between growth rate and skeletal development, a better understanding of growing patterns could contribute for an accurate estimation of nutritional requirements in the growing horse. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate growth and development in Lusitano foals, from birth to one year of age, under extensive management conditions in Portugal. Thirty five foals from three stud farms were monthly weighed and withers height (WH), girth (G) and cannon circumference (CC) were measured. Average age at weaning was 7 mo (209±5d). Quadratic models were best fitted to describe the variation of body weight (BW), G, WH and CC. The effect of farm was significant for BW, G, and CC (P<0.0001), suggesting a management influence. Estimated BW at 7 and 12 mo of age in the three groups, varied between 211.1-253.8 kg and 274.6 327.7 kg, respectively, representing 42.2-50.8 % and 54.9-65.5 % of Lusitano mature BW (500kg). ADG until weaning varied between 0.786-0.888 kg/d, decreasing afterwards in the post-weaning period to 0.258-0.493 kg/d. Weight gain between birth and weaning represents 71.5-80.9 % of total weight gain until 12 mo of age. Estimated values for WH, G and CC at 12 mo of age varied between 135.4-140.9 cm, 145.4-157.5 cm and 16.7-19.0 cm, respectively. These results indicate a similar growth pattern to those described in other sport light breeds when submitted to moderate feeding levels, during the first year of life.vo

Fungal planet description sheets: 1550-1613

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Neocamarosporium halophilum in leaf spots of Atriplex undulata. Australia, Aschersonia merianiae on scale insect (Coccoidea), Curvularia huamulaniae isolated from air, Hevansia mainiae on dead spider, Ophiocordyceps poecilometigena on Poecilometis sp. Bolivia, Lecanora menthoides on sandstone, in open semi-desert montane areas, Sticta monlueckiorum corticolous in a forest, Trichonectria epimegalosporae on apothecia of corticolous Megalospora sulphurata var. sulphurata, Trichonectria puncteliae on the thallus of Punctelia borreri. Brazil, Catenomargaritapseudocercosporicola (incl. Catenomargarita gen. nov.) hyperparasitic on Pseudocercospora fijiensis on leaves of Musa acuminata, Tulasnella restingae on protocorms and roots of Epidendrum fulgens. Bulgaria, Anthracoidea umbrosae on Carex spp. Croatia, Hymenoscyphus radicis from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspierraticum, Orbilia multiserpentina on wood of decorticated branches of Quercus pubescens. France, Calosporella punctatispora on dead corticated twigs of Acer opalus. French West Indies (Martinique), Eutypella lechatii on deadcorticated palm stem. Germany, Arrhenia alcalinophila on loamy soil. Iceland, Cistella blauvikensis on dead grass (Poaceae). India, Fulvifomes maritimus on living Peltophorum pterocarpum, Fulvifomes natarajanii on dead wood of Prosopis juliflora, Fulvifomes subazonatus on trunk of Azadirachta indica, Macrolepiota bharadwajii on moist soil near the forest, Narcissea delicata on decaying elephant dung, Paramyrothecium indicum on living leaves of Hibiscus hispidissimus, Trichoglossum syamviswanathii on moist soil near the base of a bamboo plantation. Iran,Vacuiphoma astragalicola from stem canker of Astragalus sarcocolla. Malaysia, Neoeriomycopsis fissistigmae (incl. Neoeriomycopsidaceae fam. nov.) on leaf spots on flower Fissistigma sp. Namibia, Exophiala lichenicola lichenicolous on Acarospora cf. luederitzensis. Netherlands, Entoloma occultatum on soil, Extremus caricis on dead leaves of Carex sp., Inocybe pseudomytiliodora on loamy soil. Norway, Inocybe guldeniae on calcareous soil, Inocybe rupestroides on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Hymenagaricus brunneodiscus on soil. Philippines, Ophiocordyceps philippinensis parasitic on Asilus sp. Poland, Hawksworthiomyces ciconiae isolated from Ciconia ciconia nest, Plectosphaerella vigrensis from leaf spots on Impatiens noli-tangere, Xenoramularia epitaxicola from sooty mould community on Taxus baccata. Portugal, Inocybe dagamae on clay soil. Saudi Arabia, Diaporthe jazanensis on branches of Coffea arabica. South Africa, Alternaria moraeae on dead leaves of Moraea sp., Bonitomyces buffelskloofinus (incl. Bonitomyces gen. nov.) on dead twigs of unknown tree, Constrictochalara koukolii on living leavesof Itea rhamnoides colonised by a Meliola sp., Cylindromonium lichenophilum on Parmelina tiliacea, Gamszarella buffelskloofina (incl. Gamszarella gen. nov.) on dead insect, Isthmosporiella africana (incl. Isthmosporiella gen. nov.) on dead twigs of unknown tree, Nothoeucasphaeria buffelskloofina (incl. Nothoeucasphaeria gen. nov.), on dead twigs of unknown tree, Nothomicrothyrium beaucarneae (incl. Nothomicrothyrium gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta, Paramycosphaerella proteae on living leaves of Protea caffra, Querciphoma foliicola onleaf litter, Rachicladosporium conostomii on dead twigs of Conostomium natalense var. glabrum, Rhamphoriopsis synnematosa on dead twig of unknown tree, Waltergamsia mpumalanga on dead leaves of unknown tree. Spain, Amanita fulvogrisea on limestone soil, in mixed forest, Amanita herculis in open Quercus forest, Vuilleminia beltraniae on Cistus symphytifolius. Sweden, Pachyella pulchella on decaying wood on sand-silt riverbank. Thailand, Deniquelata cassiae on dead stem of Cassia fistula, Stomiopeltis thailandica on dead twigs of Magnolia champaca. Ukraine, Circinaria podoliana on natural limestone outcrops, Neonematogonum carpinicola (incl. Neonematogonumgen. nov.) on dead branches of Carpinus betulus. USA, Exophiala wilsonii water from cooling tower, Hygrophorus aesculeticola on soil in mixed forest, and Neocelosporium aereum from air in a house attic. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.Fil: Crous, Pieter Willem. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países Bajos. University of Pretoria; SudáfricaFil: Costa, M. M.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Kandemir, H.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Vermaas, M.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Vu, DinhDuy. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Zhao, L.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Arumugam, E.. University of Madras; IndiaFil: Flakus, A.. Polish Academy of Sciences; PoloniaFil: Jurjevic, Z.. EMSL Analytical; Estados UnidosFil: Kaliyaperumal, M.. University of Madras; IndiaFil: Mahadevakumar, S.. KSCSTEKerala Forest Research Institute; India. Botanical Survey of India; IndiaFil: Murugadoss, R.. University of Madras; IndiaFil: Shivas, R. G.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países BajosFil: Tan, Y. P.. Queensland Government. Department Of Agriculture And Fisheries.; AustraliaFil: Wingfield, Michael J.. University of Pretoria; SudáfricaFil: Abell, S. E.. James Cook University; AustraliaFil: Marney, T. S.. Queensland Government. Department Of Agriculture And Fisheries.; AustraliaFil: Danteswari, C.. University of Hyderabad; IndiaFil: Darmostuk, V.. Polish Academy of Sciences; PoloniaFil: Denchev, C. M.. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; BulgariaFil: Denchev, T. T.. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; BulgariaFil: Etayo, J.. No especifíca;Fil: Gené, J.. Universitat Rovira I Virgili; EspañaFil: Sanchez, Romina Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Vasan, V.. University of Madras; IndiaFil: Vila Viçosa, C.. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning; Portugal. Universidade do Porto; PortugalFil: Voglmayr, H.. Vienna University of Technology; AustriaFil: Wrzosek, M.. University of Warsaw; PoloniaFil: Zappelini, J.. Federal University of Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Groenewald, J. Z.. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; Países Bajo