Risk and resilience in gifted young people from low socio-economic backgrounds

Gifted and talented young people from low socio-economic backgrounds are consistently under-represented in gifted programmes in New Zealand schools. This chapter reports on a qualitative study that explored the lived experiences of 101 gifted New Zealand young people from low socio-economic back-grounds. An overarching question for this study was ‘What is it about gifted young people from low socio-economic backgrounds who have achieved to exceptional levels, that has enabled them to do so?’ The risk and resilience construct was used as a lens through which to explore their experiences across a range of contexts. These young people reflected on their perceptions of their giftedness and socio-economic circumstances, their childhoods and school ex-periences, and their home lives. The stories of the participants in this study in-dicated that there are particular risks associated with both giftedness and low socio-economic status, and contribute to ideas about how these young people might be more effectively supported to develop their potential

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy after spinal cord injury: systematic review Efectos de la terapia hiperbárica en el traumatismo raquimedular: revisión sistemática Efeitos da oxigenioterapia hiperbárica no tratamento da lesão medular traumática: revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVE: to conduct a systematic review of experimental and clinical studies evaluating the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the spinal cord injury. METHODS: ninety-three studies were identified in the database Pubmed. Among these, through a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 11 articles published between 1963 and 2009 were selected. In the nine experimental studies, different ways to apply the treatment were observed. The measured outcomes were: functional, histological, biochemical and electrophysiological. RESULTS: in most of the studies, the results show recovery of locomotor function, histology and/or biochemical features. Regarding the two studies in clinical samples, the results are controversial. The samples are heterogeneous and the application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not the same for all patients in each study. CONCLUSION: considering the results of this review, further studies are necessary to define the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute spinal cord injury.<br>OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios experimentales y clínicos que evaluaban los efectos de la terapia hiperbárica en el traumatismo raquimedular. MÉTODOS: se identificaron noventa y tres estudios en el Pubmed. De estos, por un conjunto de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 11 artículos publicados entre 1963 y 2009. Entre los nueve estudios experimentales, se observaron diferentes formas de aplicación del tratamiento. Los resultados mensurados fueron: funcional, histológico, bioquímico y electrofisiológico. RESULTADOS: los resultados muestran, en la mayoría de los estudios, recuperación de la función locomotora, histología y/o características bioquímicas. Tratándose de los estudios clínicos, los resultados son controvertidos. Las muestras son heterogéneas y la aplicación de la terapia hiperbárica no es igual para todos los pacientes en cada estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: considerando los resultados de esta revisión, se hacen necesarios más estudios para definir el papel de la terapia hiperbárica en la lesión medular aguda.<br>OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão sistemática dos estudos experimentais e clínicos relacionados com a utilização da oxigenioterapia hiperbárica no traumatismo raquimedular. MÉTODOS: noventa e três estudos foram identificados no Pubmed, sendo selecionados 11 artigos para análise, 9 experimentais e 2 clínicos, publicados entre 1963 e 2009. Os estudos experimentais apresentaram diferentes formas de tratamento, sendo o desfecho final mensurado pelas diferentes avaliações: funcional, histológica, bioquímica e eletrofisiológica. RESULTADOS: na maioria dos estudos foi observada uma recuperação da função locomotora, histológica e/ou bioquímica. Entretanto, os resultados dos estudos clínicos se mostraram controversos, pelo fato de as amostras serem heterogêneas e a administração da oxigenioterapia hiperbárica ser diferente quanto à dose e o tempo de aplicação. CONCLUSÃO: considerando os resultados desta revisão, será necessária a realização de mais estudos para se ter uma definição sobre a eficácia da oxigenioterapia hiperbárica na lesão medular aguda

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Critically Regulates Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy

<div><p>Infertility and adverse gynecological outcomes such as preeclampsia and miscarriage represent significant female reproductive health concerns. The spatiotemporal expression of growth factors indicates that they play an important role in pregnancy. The goal of this study is to define the role of the ERBB family of growth factor receptors in endometrial function. Using conditional ablation in mice and siRNA in primary human endometrial stromal cells, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>Egfr</i>) to be critical for endometrial function during early pregnancy. While ablation of <i>Her2</i> or <i>Erbb3</i> led to only a modest reduction in litter size, mice lacking <i>Egfr</i> expression are severely subfertile. Pregnancy demise occurred shortly after blastocyst implantation due to defects in decidualization including decreased proliferation, cell survival, differentiation and target gene expression. To place <i>Egfr</i> in a genetic regulatory hierarchy, transcriptome analyses was used to compare the gene signatures from mice with conditional ablation of <i>Egfr</i>, wingless-related MMTV integration site 4 (<i>Wnt4</i>) or boneless morphogenic protein 2 (<i>Bmp2</i>); revealing that not only are <i>Bmp2</i> and <i>Wnt4</i> key downstream effectors of <i>Egfr</i>, but they also regulate distinct physiological functions. In primary human endometrial stromal cells, marker gene expression, a novel high content image-based approach and phosphokinase array analysis were used to demonstrate that <i>EGFR</i> is a critical regulator of human decidualization. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR signaling intermediaries <i>WNK1</i> and <i>AKT1S1</i>, members identified in the kinase array and previously unreported to play a role in the endometrium, also attenuate decidualization. These results demonstrate that EGFR plays an integral role in establishing the cellular context necessary for successful pregnancy via the activation of intricate signaling and transcriptional networks, thereby providing valuable insight into potential therapeutic targets.</p></div