On the Infrared Behaviour of Landau Gauge Yang-Mills Theory with Differently Charged Scalar Fields

Recently it has been argued that infrared singularities of the quark-gluon vertex of Landau gauge QCD can confine static quarks via a linear potential. It is demonstrated that the same mechanism also may confine fundamental scalar fields. This opens the possibility that within functional approaches static confinement is an universal property of the gauge sector even though it is formally represented in the functional equations of the matter sector. The colour structure of Dyson-Schwinger equations for fundamental and adjoint scalar fields is determined for the gauge groups SU(N) and G(2) exhibiting interesting cancelations purely due to colour algebra.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure; talk given at the Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum IX, Aug. 30 - Sept. 3, Madrid, Spai

Az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások fenntarthatósági adaptációjának integrált elemzési és értékelési lehetőségei

Jelen tanulmány célja az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások figyelembevételének és integráltságának meghatározása az egyes fenntarthatósági értékelések és nemzetközi összehasonlítások vonatkozásában. Kutatásunkban az Európai Unió tagállamainak környezeti teljesítménye és fenntartható fejlődési stádiuma kerül összehasonlító elemzésre, különös tekintettel arra, hogy ezekben mennyire mutatkozik meg az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások adaptációja. A vizsgálat módszertanát egy nemzetközileg is alkalmazott integrálindex kalkulálása adja, melynek előnye, hogy különböző dimenziójú értékek összehasonlítását teszi lehetővé. Cikkünk középpontjában nem az új eredmények kimutatása, hanem a különböző értékelési módszerek harmonizálása áll. Kimutattuk, hogy jelentős eltérések tapasztalhatók az EU-s tagállamok 2012 és 2022 közötti értékeiben. Míg egyes országokban az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások figyelembevétele javuló tendenciát követ, addig más országokban 2022-re romló eredmények voltak tapasztalhatók. Eredményeink alapján kijelenthetjük, hogy az ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások kiaknázása és óvása, valamint a fenntartható fejlődés célkitűzéseinek elérése összehangolást kíván

A study of the influence of the gauge group on the Dyson-Schwinger equations for scalar-Yang-Mills systems

The particular choice of the gauge group for Yang-Mills theory plays an important role when it comes to the influence of matter fields. In particular, both the chosen gauge group and the representation of the matter fields yield structural differences in the quenched case. Especially, the qualitative behavior of the Wilson potential is strongly dependent on this selection. Though the algebraic reasons for this observation is clear, it is far from obvious how this behavior can be described besides using numerical simulations. Herein, it is investigated how the group structure appears in the Dyson-Schwinger equations, which as a hierarchy of equations for the correlation functions have to be satisfied. It is found that there are differences depending on both the gauge group and the representation of the matter fields. This provides insight into possible truncation schemes for practical calculations using these equations.Comment: 47 page

HLA dependency and possible clinical relevance of intrathecally synthesized anti-IgLON5 IgG4 in anti-IgLON5 disease

BackgroundAnti-IgLON5 disease is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by IgLON5 autoantibodies predominantly of the IgG4 subclass. Distinct pathogenic effects were described for anti-IgLON5 IgG1 and IgG4, however, with uncertain clinical relevance.MethodsIgLON5-specific IgG1-4 levels were measured in 46 sera and 20 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 13 HLA-subtyped anti-IgLON5 disease patients (six females, seven males) using flow cytometry. Intervals between two consecutive serum or CSF samplings (31 and 10 intervals, respectively) were categorized with regard to the immunomodulatory treatment active at the end of the interval, changes of anti-IgLON5 IgG1 and IgG4 levels, and disease severity. Intrathecal anti-IgLON5 IgG4 synthesis (IS) was assessed using a quantitative method.ResultsThe median age at onset was 66 years (range: 54–75), disease duration 10 years (range: 15–156 months), and follow-up 25 months (range: 0–83). IgLON5-specific IgG4 predominance was observed in 38 of 46 (83%) serum and 11 of 20 (55%) CSF samples. Anti-IgLON5 IgG4 levels prior clinical improvement in CSF but not serum were significantly lower than in those prior stable/progressive disease. Compared to IgLON5 IgG4 levels in serum, CSF levels in HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers were significantly higher than in non-carriers. Indeed, IgLON5-specific IgG4 IS was demonstrated not only in four of five HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers but also in one non-carrier. Immunotherapy was associated with decreased anti-IgGLON5 IgG serum levels. In CSF, lower anti-IgLON5 IgG was associated with immunosuppressive treatments used in combination, that is, corticosteroids and/or azathioprine plus intravenous immunoglobulins or rituximab.ConclusionOur findings might indicate that CSF IgLON5-specific IgG4 is frequently produced intrathecally, especially in HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers. Intrathecally produced IgG4 may be clinically relevant. While many immunotherapies reduce serum IgLON5 IgG levels, more intense immunotherapies induce clinical improvement and may be able to target intrathecally produced anti-IgLON5 IgG. Further studies need to confirm whether anti-IgLON5 IgG4 IS is a suitable prognostic and predictive biomarker in anti-IgLON5 disease

Pathological RANK signaling in B cells drives autoimmunity and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Clinical evidence suggests alterations in receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling are key contributors to B cell autoimmunity and malignancy, but the pathophysiological consequences of aberrant B cell-intrinsic RANK signaling remain unknown. We generated mice that express a human lymphoma-derived, hyperactive RANKK240E variant in B lymphocytes in vivo. Forced RANK signaling disrupted B cell tolerance and induced a fully penetrant systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in addition to the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Importantly, RANKK240E transgenic CLL cells as well as CLL cells of independent murine and of human origin depend on microenvironmental RANK ligand (RANKL) for tumor cell survival. Consequently, inhibition of the RANKL-RANK axis with anti-RANKL antibodies killed murine and human CLL cells in vitro and in vivo. These results establish pathological B cell-intrinsic RANK signaling as a potential driver of autoimmunity and B cell malignancy, and they suggest the exploitation of clinically available anti-RANKL compounds for CLL treatment