RYR1 gene variability and effect on meat pH in Argentinean hybrids swines = Variabilidad del gen RYR1 y efecto en el pH de la carne en cerdos híbridos argentinos

The RYR1 gene is the principal cause of the porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and the presence of pale, soft and exudative meat (PSE) in swine. In Argentina there are no reports about the variability of RYR1 gene in hybrid swine and its effect on the quality of carcass. By PCR-HRM we analyzed 403 hybrids swines from Argentina and 65.0% were homozygous NN, 30.8% heterozygous Nn and 4,2% homozygous nn. Additionally, a significant effect (p <0.0001) of the RYR1 gene was detected on the pH of carcass at 45 minutes after slaughter. Normal genotypes NN showed the highest pH values at 45 minutes after slaughter (6.27), heterozygous Nn showed intermediate pH values (5.94) and homozygous susceptible nn showed the lowest pH values (5.64). Argentina present high incidence of Nn and nn genotypes for the RYR1 gene in relation to Brazil, the principal pig producer of Latin America. Additionally the RYR1 gene affects the pH of the meat, one of the principal parameters in the determination of the PSE meat.El gen RYR1 es la principal causa del síndrome de estrés porcino (PSS) y la presencia de carne pálida, blanda y exudativa (PSE) en los cerdos. En Argentina no existen informes sobre la variabilidad de dicho gen en cerdos híbridos y su efecto sobre la calidad de la canal. Por PCR-HRM se analizaron 403 cerdos híbridos de Argentina y el 65,0% eran homocigotos NN, 30.8% heterocigotos Nn y el 4,2% homocigotos nn. Además, se detectó un efecto significativo (p <0,0001) del gen RYR1 en el pH de la canal a los 45 minutos post faena. Los genotipos NN mostraron los mayores valores de pH a los 45 minutos después del sacrificio (6.27), los heterocigotos Nn mostraron valores intermedios de pH (5,94) y los homocigotos nn presentaron los valores más bajos de pH (5,64). Argentina presenta alta incidencia de los genotipos Nn y nn del gen RYR1 en relación a Brasil, el principal productor de cerdos de América Latina. Además, el gen RYR1 afecta al pH de la carne, uno de los principales parámetros para la determinación de carnes PSE.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Marini, Sebastián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo Biotecnología y Recursos Genéticos; ArgentinaFil: Borelli, Valeria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; ArgentinaFil: Villarreal, Augusto Orlando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Denegri, David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Cottura, Germán Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Panichelli, Darío. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Nutrición Animal; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, D. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Cátedra de Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Brunori, Jorge Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Brunori, Jorge Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Franco, Raul Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentin

A New Way to Link Development to Institutions, Policies and Geography

The paper aims to examine the role of institutions relative to economic policy and geography in explaining the differential level of development across countries over time. To that end, it attempts to construct a Development Quality Index (DQI) and an Institutional Quality Index (IQI) by using multivariate statistical method of principal components. It shows that (i) higher level of IQI along with economic policy and geography factors lead to a positive improvement in the level of DQI; and (ii) results remain robust for IQI and relatively robust for economic policy and geography even when it is compared across cross-section and panel data estimation for a set of 102 countries over 1980 to 2004. The results strongly indicate that institutions matter in the context of specific economic policy mixes and geography related factors illustrated by disease burden, etc. It demonstrates that relative influence of institutions varies across stages of development

La forgia abbandonata di Trebisacce (CS - Calabria).

Analisi del contesto etnoarcheologico di una forgia ferraia di recente abbandono, a Trebisacce (CS). Il contesto è stato scavato, campionando i depositi secondo una griglia di prelievo che permette di valutare le logiche di dispersione dei prodotti scoriacei. inoltre, si sviluppano considerazioni circa la formazione dei depositi archeologici durante i processi di abbandono delle strutture

Nota su un reperto protostorico da Muricelle di Luzzi (CS).

Presentazione di un vaso protostorico rinvenuto in frammenti durante ricognizioni di superficie nell'areale della villa romana di Luzzi, loc. Muricelle; attribuzione a un momento iniziale del Bronzo antico

Madonna di Ripalta. I materiali del Bronzo finale e della prima età del ferro.

Presentazione e analisi dei materiali provenienti dal sito di Madonna di Ripalta (FG), relativi al Bronzo finale e primo Ferro. Presenza di ceramica d'impasto, figulina dipinta protogeometrica e geometrica, dolii della classe specializzata "a cordoni e fasce". Si sottolinea l'importanza dell'insediamento nel quadro della protostoria pugliese

Columnar nano-void formation on Germanium under Sn+ ion implantation: Ge1-xSnx walls

As it is well known, Ge undergoes a peculiar surface nanostructuration under heavy ion implantation at room temperature [1,2]. In fact, once a threshold dose (~5-10x1014 at/cm2) is reached, the formation of a relatively regular nanostructured network of columnar voids with ~20 nm diameter and ~100 nm depth occurs. The formation mechanism of these structures seems to be strongly dependent on the different vacancy and interstitial mobility in Ge and clustering of vacancy [2]. In this work, Ge (1.5 µm thick film epitaxial on Si(100) or bulk) was implanted with 5-100x1014 Sn+/cm2. A protective layer (SiNx) with different thickness (0, 10 nm, 20 nm) was deposited on Ge to prevent contamination of the nanostructures and to act on voids formation, to modify their size, dimension and symmetries [3]. The implantation energies were tuned in order to obtain the same Sn distribution in samples with the same dose but different protective layer thickness. Our goal is the formation of nanostructures with Ge1-xSnx walls through thermal treatment of our samples, in order to combine the peculiar properties of Ge1-xSnx alloy (tunable bandgap[4], high electron and hole mobility[5]) with the Ge nanostructures. Electronic microscopy (TEM cross sections and SEM plan views) and AFM measurements allowed the morphologic characterization of our samples. SAD measurements gave information on the crystallization degree. Moreover SIMS and RBS measurements provided information on Sn distribution and damaged layer thickness. XPS characterization was used to investigate the Ge oxidation degree as a function of the air exposition time and the identification of other contaminants. [1] I. Wilson, J. Appl. Phys. 53(3), 1698, 1982 [2] N.G. Rudawski and K.C. Jones, J. Mater. Res. 28(13), 1633, 2013 [3] T. Janssens et al, J. Vac. Sci. technol. B 24(1), 2006, 510 [4] G. He and H.A. Atwater, Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, (2007), 1937. [5] J.D. Sau and M.L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B, 75, (2007), 045208