Coastal risk management: how to motivate individual economic decisions to lower flood risk?

Coastal flood risk is defined as a product of probability of event and its effect, measured in terms of damage. The paper is focused on coastal management strategies aimed to decrease risk by decreasing potential damage. We review socio-economic literature to show that total flood damage depends on individual location choices in the housing market and on individual flood risk awareness. Low flood risk awareness leads to inefficient spatial developments and increased flood risk. We show that personal experience, risk communication, financial instruments like insurance from flooding and technical instruments like building on high elevations, are factors that increase individual risk awareness. Evidence that these factors indeed affect housing prices and land use patterns is provided. We discuss proactive instruments that can be used in coastal zone management in the Netherlands to increase individual risk awareness. We argue that policy-makers may create incentives giving individuals a possibility to make location choices that lead to less total flood risk in the coastal zone area

The enigmatic WR46: A binary or a pulsator in disguise. III. Interpretation

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe

The enigmatic WR46: A binary or a pulsator in disguise. II. The spectroscopy

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe

Monolayer resolution in medium-energy ion-scattering experiments on the NiSi2(111) surface

FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

On the variability of the visual binary WR86. WC7 with a β-Cephei companion

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe

Subtraction computed tomography imaging to detect endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm sealing with sac anchoring

Background Early detection of small type I endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm sealing is mandatory because they can rapidly progress and lead to severe complications. Recognition of endoleaks can be challenging due to the appearances on computed tomography unique to endovascular aneurysm sealing. We aimed to validate the accuracy and added value of subtraction computed tomography imaging using a post-processing software algorithm to improve detection of endovascular aneurysm sealing-associated endoleaks on postoperative surveillance imaging. Methods The computed tomography scans of 17 patients (16 males; median age: 78, range: 72–84) who underwent a post-endovascular aneurysm sealing computed tomography including both non-contrast and arterial phase series were used to validate the post processing software algorithm. Subtraction images are produced after segmentation and alignment. Initial alignment of the stent segmentations is automatically performed by registering the geometric centers of the 3D coordinates of both computed tomography series. Accurate alignment is then performed by translation with an iterative closest point algorithm. Accuracy of alignment was determined by calculating the root mean square error between matched 3D coordinates of stent segmentations. Results The median root mean square error after initial center of gravity alignment was 0.62 mm (IQR: 0.55–0.80 mm), which improved to 0.53 mm (IQR: 0.47–0.69 mm) after the ICP alignment. Visual inspection showed good alignment and no manual adjustment was necessary. Conclusions The possible merit of subtraction computed tomography imaging for the detection of small endoleaks during surveillance after endovascular aneurysm sealing was illustrated. Alignment of different computed tomography phases using a software algorithm was very accurate. Further studies are needed to establish the exact role of this technique during surveillance after endovascular aneurysm sealing compared to less invasive techniques like contrast-enhanced ultrasound