28 research outputs found

    Intranets et entreprises : technologie, apprentissages et organisation de la cohérence

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    Intranets are paradoxically both inescapable and still little known. Following the non deterministic, processual and multi-leveled emergent perspective on the relationships between ICT and organization, this paper presents the first results of 12 case studies of French firms that have implemented intranets. Analyses have shown that the implementation and evolution of intranets correspond to a succession of shared and specific tendencies, to gradual and radical evolutions and to local and general learning processes. This diversity suggests that intranets should not be reduced to mere technology. Their traditional definition of internet standards used in the internal firm network is therefore inadequate. The study of intranets requires to take into account numerous structuration processes which are more linked to the representations of the technology than to the technology itself. This broadened perspective helps to understand the intranets' occasions for organizing as well as a new organizational coherence, thanks to the surpassing of three major tensions : local / central levels, action / communication, deliberate / emergent changes.Les intranets sont aujourd'hui Ă  la fois incontournables et peu connus. Cette communication, qui s'inscrit dans la perspective non dĂ©terministe, processuelle et multiniveau de la conception de l'Ă©mergence des relations entre TIC et organisations, prĂ©sente les premiers rĂ©sultats de 12 Ă©tudes de cas d'entreprises ayant mis en place des intranets. Les analyses rĂ©alisĂ©es montrent que l'implantation et la structuration des intranets se caractĂ©risent par la possibilitĂ© d'articuler des dĂ©veloppements spĂ©cifiques autour de tendances communes qui donnent lieu, selon les cas, Ă  des Ă©volutions progressives ou radicales et s'appuient sur des apprentissages locaux et globaux. La diversitĂ© substantielle des configurations observĂ©es indique que la caractĂ©risation organisationnelle des intranets ne se rĂ©duit pas Ă  leur simple dĂ©finition technologique. En fait, l'Ă©tude des intranets nĂ©cessite la mise en Ă©vidence de multiples processus de structuration, davantage liĂ©s aux reprĂ©sentations de la technologie qu'Ă  la technologie elle mĂȘme. C'est dans cette perspective Ă©largie que les occasions d'organisation des intranets peuvent ĂȘtre comprises et la nouvelle cohĂ©rence de l'organisation envisagĂ©e, par le dĂ©passement de trois tensions majeures : le local / le central, l'action / la communication, l'intentionnel / l'Ă©mergent

    Intranets et entreprises : technologie, apprentissages et organisation de la cohérence

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    Les intranets sont aujourd'hui Ă  la fois incontournables et peu connus. Cette communication, qui s'inscrit dans la perspective non dĂ©terministe, processuelle et multiniveau de la conception de l'Ă©mergence des relations entre TIC et organisations, prĂ©sente les premiers rĂ©sultats de 12 Ă©tudes de cas d'entreprises ayant mis en place des intranets. Les analyses rĂ©alisĂ©es montrent que l'implantation et la structuration des intranets se caractĂ©risent par la possibilitĂ© d'articuler des dĂ©veloppements spĂ©cifiques autour de tendances communes qui donnent lieu, selon les cas, Ă  des Ă©volutions progressives ou radicales et s'appuient sur des apprentissages locaux et globaux. La diversitĂ© substantielle des configurations observĂ©es indique que la caractĂ©risation organisationnelle des intranets ne se rĂ©duit pas Ă  leur simple dĂ©finition technologique. En fait, l'Ă©tude des intranets nĂ©cessite la mise en Ă©vidence de multiples processus de structuration, davantage liĂ©s aux reprĂ©sentations de la technologie qu'Ă  la technologie elle mĂȘme. C'est dans cette perspective Ă©largie que les occasions d'organisation des intranets peuvent ĂȘtre comprises et la nouvelle cohĂ©rence de l'organisation envisagĂ©e, par le dĂ©passement de trois tensions majeures : le local / le central, l'action / la communication, l'intentionnel / l'Ă©mergent.internet;technologies de l'information de la communication;trajectoire d'exploration

    Cytology, biochemistry and molecular changes during coffee fruit development

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    Coffee Microbiota and Its Potential Use in Sustainable Crop Management. A Review

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    International audienceIntensive coffee production is accompanied by several environmental issues, including soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and pollution due to the wide use of agrochemical inputs and wastes generated by processing. In addition, climate change is expected to decrease the suitability of cultivated areas while potentially increasing the distribution and impact of pests and diseases. In this context, the coffee microbiota has been increasingly studied over the past decades in order to improve the sustainability of the coffee production. Therefore, coffee associated microorganisms have been isolated and characterized in order to highlight their useful characteristics and study their potential use as sustainable alternatives to agrochemical inputs. Indeed, several microorganisms (including bacteria and fungi) are able to display plant growth-promoting capacities and/or biocontrol abilities toward coffee pests and diseases. Despite that numerous studies emphasized the potential of coffee-associated microorganisms under controlled environments, the present review highlights the lack of confirmation of such beneficial effects under field conditions. Nowadays, next-generation sequencing technologies allow to study coffee associated microorganisms with a metabarcoding/metagenomic approach. This strategy, which does not require cultivating microorganisms, now provides a deeper insight in the coffee-associated microbial communities and their implication not only in the coffee plant fitness but also in the quality of the final product. The present review aims at (i) providing an extensive description of coffee microbiota diversity both at the farming and processing levels, (ii) identifying the “coffee core microbiota,” (iii) making an overview of microbiota ability to promote coffee plant growth and to control its pests and diseases, and (iv) highlighting the microbiota potential to improve coffee quality and waste management sustainability
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