The role of neuroimaging in the treatment strategy for epilepsy

<p><em>Objective</em>: estimate advantages of using high feld brain MRI in the epilepsy diagnostics. <em>Methods. </em>Examination of 586 patients with different types of epilepsy was performed to fnd epileptogenic changes in brain substance. <em>Results. </em>Clinical examples, that illustrate importance of using high feld MRI (1.5 T and more) during examination of the patients with epilepsy in accordance with the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines, are described. <em>Conclusion. </em>High feld MRI is necessary for timely assessment of the etiology of the disease and the treatment optimization.</p&gt

Opportunities of radiological methods for examination in diagnostics of urinary bladder cancer

The research goal is the comparative analysis of Russian and foreign studies concerned the possibility of radiological methods of diagnostics of cancer of urinary bladder. The problem of early diagnostics of initial tumor and tumor recurrence, determination of stages of bladder cancer, its prognosis and outcome remains an actual on

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE NANOCOMPOSITES MODIFIED BY FULLERENE С60 AND NANODIAMONDS

The paper describes preparation of polyurethane composites infused with nano- and macro-sized carbonaceous fillerswith a different surface nature (with a hydrophobic surface-fullerene C60, fullerene soot, with a hydrophilic surface nano-diamonds, nano-diamond charge), with loading varying from 0.1 to 0.5 wt. % by in situ polymerization. The obtained nano-composites were measured by the method of dielectric spectroscopy to determine the nature of the influence of the surface origin and particle size on the structure and properties of the finished material. It was found that loading of fillers leads to the decrease in the process of α-relaxation activation energycompared to neat polyurethane (PU). It was revealed that the non-specific π-π interaction for nanosized fillers dominates over specific H-bonding, which can be related to the oxygen groups on the shells of nano-diamonds. The dielectric spectroscopy demonstrated that the glass transition temperature values of the nano-composites increase in comparison with neat PU, manifesting the so-called "antiplasticizating phenomenon", while composites with macro-sized filler exhibit a typical plasticizing effect for traditional fillers. The greatest value of the D parameter (fragility) corresponds to a sample with fullerene soot. The coincidence of activation energies of Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization for different fillers means that the dimensions of the hard domains in the polymer have not changed

Possibilities of magnetic resonance tomography in identification and diagnostics of neurosyphilis forms

Aim: To evaluate the possibilities of the magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in diagnostics and identification of neurosyphilis. Materials and methods: A total of 1387 patients with different forms of documented neurosyphilis were examined to study the deficiency of neurological function. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis was confirmed by CSF-study. MRT was performed in 57 cases. Results: Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in 6 patients showed no pathology, 16 patients had arachnoid cystic changes and in 16 cases hydrocephaly occurred. Cerebral cortical atrophy was presented in 13 patients, in 12 cases — multifocal changes were visualized, 12 patients had white matter structural changes. Two cases required diagnostics. A 59-year-old man was hospitalized with epileptic seizure, progressive dementia and multifocal neurologic symptoms. A 40-year-old man was examined with recurring episodes of acute cere-brospinal accident and progressing cognitive disorders. Conclusion: MRT could be used in differential diagnostics of neurosyphilis imitating space-occupying lesions of cerebrum and spinal cord, tumors of central nervous system and could help to define the form of neurosyphili

ОПЫТ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОСТЕОПОРОЗА ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА

The retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological diagnostics of 76 patients with vertebral osteoporosis among which women prevailed (82.9%) is carried out. The average age was 57,7 ± 5,3 years. The complex diagnostics consists of the survey x-ray,the x-ray absorptiometry, the quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging procedure. The quantitative computed tomography is characterized by the highest diagnostic information value (sensitivity - 99.4%, specificity - 99.5% and the accuracy - 99.3%). Surgical treatment consisted in rigid (7.9%) and dynamic (10.5%) vertebral fixation and puncture vertebroplasty (81.6%), which was consist in a dereception of underlying facet joints with introduction into it the solution consisting in equal quantities of local anesthetic and alcohol 70° (1.5-2.0 ml). The optimized technique of vertebroplasty with an additional dereception of facet joints allows to increase the level of social rehabilitation of patients by 10.2% with full regress of a pain syndrome.Проведен ретроспективный анализ клинико-лучевого обследования 76 пациентов с остеопорозом позвоночника, среди которых преобладали женщины (82,9%). Средний возраст составил 57,7±5,3 лет. Для диагностики использовали обзорную рентгенографию, рентгеновскую абсорбциометрию, количественную компьютерную и спиральную компьютерную, а также магнитно-резонансную томографию. Наиболее высокой диагностической информативностью обладает метод количественной компьютерной томографии (чувствительность 99,4%, специфичность 99,5% и точность 99,3%). Хирургическое лечение заключалось в ригидной (7,9%) и динамической (10,5%) фиксации позвоночника, а также пункционной вертебропластике (81,6%). Она была модифицирована за счет дерецепции нижележащих дугоотростчатых суставов позвонка с введением в них по 1,5-2,0 мл раствора, состоящего в равных количествах из местного анестетика и спирта 70°. Использование оптимизированной методики вертебропластики с дополнительной дерецепцией дугоотростчатых суставов позволяет увеличить уровень социально-бытовой реабилитации пациентов с остеопорозом позвоночника на 10,2% с полным регрессом болевого синдрома

The source material of soft spring wheat for improving the quality of grain and resistance to lodging

The Northern Trans-Urals is a region of intensive agriculture that needs high-yielding varieties that are resistant to lodging and a-biotic environmental factors, forming high-quality grain. In this respect, as a starting material for breeding, Canadian varieties with good technological indicators of grain and Norwegian varieties with high resistance to lodging and well-expressed economic and valuable characteristics are of interest. An important indicator when creating wheat varieties is the resistance to pre-harvest germination of grain on the root. The conjugacy of this feature with the yield is high and is expressed negatively - r = -0.922. Among the studied cultivars, Demonstrant (Norway) and 5603HR (Canada) stand out for their resistance to grain germination in the ear. Norwegian varieties are characterized by multi-grain ear, fine grain and compacted ear. Marker traits of drought resistance – the length of the upper internode and the removal of the ear, are better expressed in the standard of Omskaya 36, varieties of local selection and varietals - Laban and GN 06600 (Norway). In arid conditions, these varieties have a more pronounced yield. The best in this respect is Kazakhstan one - Astana (2.27 t/ha). The intensity was highlighted by the variety - GN 06600 (Norway) - 5.05 t/ha. The revealed conjugate relationships in the studied traits allow to purposefully conduct breeding work

Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging (DWIBS) in bladder cancer diagnostics

The purpose of the article is to identify the most characteristic and significant changes in indicators in patients with bladder cancer during diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging (DWIBS). Materials: From September 2009 till 2011 98 patients have been examined (61 (62,24%) with morphologically verified bladder cancer and 37 (37,76%) with cystitis. Results: The study has revealed that the sensitivity of DWIBS-study in detecting bladder cancer is 98,36%, specificity of 10,81 %, the efficacy of 65,38%. Conclusions: DWIBS is an informative noninvasive method for screening diagnostics of bladder cancer, to identify suspicious areas on regional, and distant metastase

Radiological methods for diagnostics of kidney cancer

It is stated that kidney cancer takes one of the leading places in the cancer incidence. Particular attention should be paid to renal cell carcinoma. By means of modern methods of volume visualization it is possible to diagnose small renal tumors, to prognose the process of tumor development and to save organs by surgical intervention