Vlasov-Maxwell, self-consistent electromagnetic wave emission simulations in the solar corona

1.5D Vlasov-Maxwell simulations are employed to model electromagnetic emission generation in a fully self-consistent plasma kinetic model for the first time in the solar physics context. The simulations mimic the plasma emission mechanism and Larmor drift instability in a plasma thread that connects the Sun to Earth with the spatial scales compressed appropriately. The effects of spatial density gradients on the generation of electromagnetic radiation are investigated. It is shown that 1.5D inhomogeneous plasma with a uniform background magnetic field directed transverse to the density gradient is aperiodically unstable to Larmor-drift instability. The latter results in a novel effect of generation of electromagnetic emission at plasma frequency. When density gradient is removed (i.e. when plasma becomes stable to Larmor-drift instability) and a $low$ density, super-thermal, hot beam is injected along the domain, in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, plasma emission mechanism generates non-escaping Langmuir type oscillations which in turn generate escaping electromagnetic radiation. It is found that in the spatial location where the beam is injected, the standing waves, oscillating at the plasma frequency, are excited. These can be used to interpret the horizontal strips observed in some dynamical spectra. Quasilinear theory predictions: (i) the electron free streaming and (ii) the beam long relaxation time, in accord with the analytic expressions, are corroborated via direct, fully-kinetic simulation. Finally, the interplay of Larmor-drift instability and plasma emission mechanism is studied by considering $dense$ electron beam in the Larmor-drift unstable (inhomogeneous) plasma. http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~tsiklauri/movie1.mpg * http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~tsiklauri/movie2.mpg * http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~tsiklauri/movie3.mpgComment: Solar Physics (in press, the final, accepted version

Novel features of Josephson flux-flow in Bi-2212: contribution of in-plane dissipation, coherent response to mm-wave radiation, size effect

We studied Josephson flux-flow (JFF) in Bi-2212 stacks fabricated from single crystal whiskers by focused ion beam technique. For long junctions with the in-plane sizes 30 x 2 (mu)m^2, we found considerable contribution of the in-plane dissipation to the JFF resistivity, (rho)_(Jff), at low temperatures. According to recent theory [A. Koshelev, Phys. Rev. B62, R3616 (2000)] that results in quadratic type dependence of (rho)_(Jff)(B) with the following saturation. The I-V characteristics in JFF regime also can be described consistently by that theory. In JFF regime we found Shapiro-step response to the external mm-wave radiation. The step position is proportional to the frequency of applied microwaves and corresponds to the Josephson emission from all the 60 intrinsic junctions of the stack being synchronized. That implies the coherence of the JFF over the whole thickness of the stack and demonstrates possibility of synchronization of intrinsic junctions by magnetic field. We also found a threshold character of an appearance of the JFF branch on the I-V characteristic with the increase of magnetic field, the threshold field B_t being scaled with the junction size perpendicular to the field L (L = 30-1.4 (mu)m), as B_t = (Phi)_0/Ls, where (Phi)_0 is flux quantum, s is the interlayer spacing. On the I-V characteristics of small stacks in the JFF regime we found Fiske-step features associated with resonance of Josephson radiation with the main resonance cavity mode in transmission line formed by stack.Comment: 20 pages including 8 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the Superconducting Device Physics (SDP-2001) conference, Tokyo, June 200

Dependences of the yield of common beans on agrotechnical factors in the zone of chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region

The article presents the results of agroecological study of the common bean collection, not only under the conditions of the subtype of light chestnut soils of the Astrakhan region, but also worked out the mode of irrigation of this crop, inoculation of seeds with rhizotorphin on a drip irrigation method. The need for research was primarily due to the insufficient number of bean varieties ideally adapted to the specific climatic conditions of the region, which is associated with insufficient study of both the morphology and biology of the culture. As objects of study, a test culture of beans and the drug rhizotorfin were chosen. The study showed that when cultivating common beans under irrigated Astrakhan region in the subzone of light chestnut soils, it is advisable to carry out pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with rhizotorphin, which ensures a stable yield of common beans on drip irrigation, and also contributes to the accumulation of biological nitrogen. Thus, based on the data obtained, on drip irrigation in the subzone of light chestnut soils, it is economically feasible to sow in a wide-row method (0.70 m) with a seeding rate of 500,000 germinating seeds per hectare and carry out pre-sowing seed inoculation with rhizotorphin

Invitroexperimental rewiring of 4 neutrophilic granulocyte subsets from the pro-inflammatory to the anti-inflammatory phenotype in children with surgical purulent infection of soft tissue [ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ПЕРЕОРИЕНТАЦИЯ INVITRO ФЕНОТИПА 4 СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫХ ГРАНУЛОЦИТОВ ИЗ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОГО К ПРОТИВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОМУ У ДЕТЕЙ С ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ГНОЙНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ]

Treatment of young children with atypical or recurrent purulent soft tissue infections (PSTD) that do not respond well to surgery and antibiotics is most challenging. PSTD occurs against the background of impaired functioning of the immune system and, first of all, the system of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG). The vector effect of immunotropic therapy on a specific NG subsets may allow the correction of NG dysfunctions without compromising host protection, including strategies to enhance, inhibit or restore their functions. The aim of study: to evaluate in vitro the modulating effects of arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine (HP) on the transformed phenotype of 4 NG subsets, as well as on the functional activity of NG in children with purulent-inflammatory soft tissue diseases. We studied samples of peripheral blood (PB) from young children 2-4 years old: 17 children with atypical acute PSTD and 10 apparently healthy children. At stage I, a comparative assessment of the content and phenotype of 4 NG subsets CD16+CD62L+СD63-, CD16+CD62L+СD63+, СD64-CD16+CD32+CD11b+, СD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+, phagocytic and microbicidal functions of NG was carried out. At stage II, the in vitro system determined the effects of HP on NG in children with PSTD according to the studied parameters. By the method of flow cytometry (FC500 “Beckman Coulter” (USA), conjugates of MkAT “Beckman Coulter International S.A.” (France)), the relative number of NGs of the studied subsets and the density of receptor expression (MFI) were determined. To assess the phagocytic function of NG a microbiological method was used to assess the completeness of phagocytosis with S. aureus (strain 209). The activity of NG NADPH oxidase was investigated in the NBT-spontaneous test (NBTsp.) and in the in vitro NBT-induced test (NBTind.). A comparative study of PB samples from conventionally healthy children and children with PSTD made it possible to identify various variants of transformation of the phenotype of the studied NG subsets, associated with defects in their functional activity. In the in vitro system the effects of HP were demonstrated, manifested by a decrease in the amount of CD16+CD62L+CD63+NG and an increase in CD16+CD62L+CD63-NG, modulation of the negatively altered phenotype of subsets CD64-CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG and CD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG, aimed at restoring phagocytic function and maintaining the tension of NADPH oxidases. As a result of the study it was found the immunomodulatory effects of HP, which is manifested in the reorientation of NG from the pro-inflammatory phenotype to the anti-inflammatory one, which can be used in the future when creating personalized targeted immunotherapy aimed at correcting defective functioning NG in early children, suffering from PSTD. © 2021 Russian Association of Allergologists and Clinical Immunologists, St. Petersburg Regional Branch (SPb RAACI). All rights reserved

IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL REWIRING OF 4 NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTE SUBSETS FROM THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY TO THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE IN CHILDREN WITH SURGICAL PURULENT INFECTION OF SOFT TISSUE

Treatment of young children with atypical or recurrent purulent soft tissue infections (PSTD) that do not respond well to surgery and antibiotics is most challenging. PSTD occurs against the background of impaired functioning of the immune system and, first of all, the system of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG). The vector effect of immunotropic therapy on a specific NG subsets may allow the correction of NG dysfunctions without compromising host protection, including strategies to enhance, inhibit or restore their functions.The aim of study: to evaluate in vitro the modulating effects of arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine (HP) on the transformed phenotype of 4 NG subsets, as well as on the functional activity of NG in children with purulent-inflammatory soft tissue diseases.We studied samples of peripheral blood (PB) from young children 2-4 years old: 17 children with atypical acute PSTD and 10 apparently healthy children. At stage I, a comparative assessment of the content and phenotype of 4 NG subsets CD16+CD62L+СD63- , CD16+CD62L+СD63+, СD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+, СD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+, phagocytic and microbicidal functions of NG was carried out. At stage II, the in vitro system determined the effects of HP on NG in children with PSTD according to the studied parameters. By the method of flow cytometry (FC500 “Beckman Coulter” (USA), conjugates of MkAT “Beckman Coulter International S.A.” (France)), the relative number of NGs of the studied subsets and the density of receptor expression (MFI) were determined. To assess the phagocytic function of NG a microbiological method was used to assess the completeness of phagocytosis with S. aureus (strain 209). The activity of NG NADPH oxidase was investigated in the NBT-spontaneous test (NBTsp.) and in the in vitro NBT-induced test (NBTind.). A comparative study of PB samples from conventionally healthy children and children with PSTD made it possible to identify various variants of transformation of the phenotype of the studied NG subsets, associated with defects in their functional activity. In the in vitro system the effects of HP were demonstrated, manifested by a decrease in the amount of CD16+CD62L+CD63+NG and an increase in CD16+CD62L+CD63- NG, modulation of the negatively altered phenotype of subsets CD64- CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG and CD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+NG, aimed at restoring phagocytic function and maintaining the tension of NADPH oxidases.As a result of the study it was found the immunomodulatory effects of HP, which is manifested in the reorientation of NG from the pro-inflammatory phenotype to the anti-inflammatory one, which can be used in the future when creating personalized targeted immunotherapy aimed at correcting defective functioning NG in early children, suffering from PSTD.Лечение детей раннего возраста с атипичными или рецидивирующими гнойными инфекциями мягких тканей (ГЗМТ), которые не демонстрируют хорошего ответа на хирургическое лечение и антибактериальные препараты, является наиболее сложным. ГЗМТ возникают на фоне нарушений функционирования иммунной системы и в первую очередь системы нейтрофильных гранулоцитов (НГ). Векторный эффект иммунотропной терапии на конкретную субпопуляцию NG может позволить корректировать дисфункции NG без ущерба для защиты хозяина, включая стратегии усиления, подавления или восстановления их функций.Цель исследования: оценить в системе in vitro модулирующие эффекты влияния аргинил-альфа-аспартил-лизил-валил-тирозил-аргинин (ГП) на трансформированный фенотип 4 субпопуляций НГ, а также на функциональную активность НГ детей с гнойно-воспалительными заболеваниями мягких тканей. Исследованы образцы периферической крови (ПК) детей раннего возраста 2-4 лет: 17 детей с нетипично протекающими острыми ГЗМТ и 10 условно здоровых детей. На I этапе проведена сравнительная оценка содержания и фенотипа 4 субпопуляций НГ CD16+CD62L+СD63- , CD16+CD62L+СD63+, СD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+, СD64+CD16+CD32+CD11b+, фагоцитарной и микробицидной функции НГ. На II этапе в системе in vitro определены эффекты ГП на НГ детей с ГЗМТ по изучаемым параметрам. Методом проточной цитометрии (FC500, Beckman Coulter, (США), конъюгаты МкАТ Beckman Coulter International S.A. (Франция)), определялось относительное количество НГ исследуемых субпопуляций и плотность экспрессии рецепторов (MFI). Для оценки фагоцитарной функции НГ использован микробиологический метод с оценкой завершенности фагоцитоза со S. аureus (штамм 209). Активность NADРН-оксидазы НГ исследовали в НСТ спонтанном тесте (НСТсп.) и в нагрузочном в системе in vitro (НСТст.). Сравнительное изучение образцов ПК условно здоровых детей и детей с ГЗМТ позволило выявить различные варианты трансформации фенотипа изучаемых субпопуляциях НГ, сопряженных с дефектами их функциональной активности. В системе in vitro были продемонстрированы эффекты ГП, проявляющиеся снижением количества CD16+CD62L+CD63+НГ и повышением CD16+CD62L+CD63- НГ, модуляцией негативно измененного фенотипа субпопуляций CD64- CD32+CD16+CD11b+НГ и CD64+CD32+CD16+CD11b+НГ, направленные на восстановление фагоцитарной функции и поддержания напряженности NADPH-оксидаз. В результате исследования установлено иммуномодулирующее действие ГП, которое проявляется в переориентации НГ с провоспалительного фенотипа на противовоспалительный, что может быть использовано в будущем при создании персонализированной таргетной иммунотерапии. Направлена на коррекцию неполноценного функционирования НГ у детей раннего возраста, страдающих ГЗМТ

BIOMECHANICAL RATIONALE OF AN EARLY DENTURE CHOISE IN PROSTHETICS OF BOUNDED DEFECTS OF DENTAL ROWS

The work is focused on the study of the stress-strain state of support tissue in a fragment of the lower dental row in case of prosthetic of a defect bounded by the canine and the first molar with removable bridge prostheses that have various design features to justify the choice of the most rational denture design. The research was conducted on the basis of the finite-element procedure with the use of an elastic threedimensional model of a fragment of the lower jaw with the bounded defects replaceable with removable bridges. The simplest design solution of a bridge precluded support of prosthetic bed by alveolar bone tissue and implied the perception and redistribution of all functional loading by bridges directly through attachments among the abutments. The second case of the replacement of the bounded defect used the bridge with locks and prosthesis body that was supported by the alveolar bone tissue. This design allowed unloading the abutments due to the transfer of the functional load directly to the mucosa of the alveolar bone. A design feature of the third bridge was the use of hard-elastic plastics in matrices of the locks of the prosthesis, increasing the pliability of bridge fixation to the abutments and redistributing a part of the functional load from the abutments to the mucosa of the alveolar bone. The results of the research show that the most rational design is removable bridge prosthesis with hardelastic plastic matrices in the lock, which allows unloading of the abutments maximally

Preliminary investigation of rubidium fountain frequency standard characteristics.

International audienceThe report summarizes the results, obtained during preliminary tests of the rubidium fountain frequency standard sub-systems, their output parameters and their influence on the stability of its output signal