Obtaining compostable composites from secondary raw materials of crop production

Received: February 2nd, 2023 ; Accepted: June 16th, 2023 ; Published: July 2nd, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] from the goals of sustainable development of the United Nations and the active introduction of the principles of the circular economy's concept, the possibility of using the secondary raw and material resources in the production processes is relevant. At the UN Environment Assembly in 2022 representatives of 175 countries approved a resolution and called for a joint effort of states to reduce plastic pollution. Biodegradable plastics are a well-known alternative to traditional plastics with a long natural decomposition period. Among biodegradable materials, compostable materials are especially interesting due to the possibility of absolute degradation to biomass, CO2 and water. The problem of obtaining compostable materials is related to the possibility of using secondary material resources and achieving certain quality parameters of the final product. In this research, the criteria and technological solutions for obtaining compostable materials for single use are reviewed. The requirements to the raw plant material and the final product were analyzed, various ways of obtaining such materials and raw material processing methods were investigated. As a result of the work, the ratios of the mixture components were selected, the particle sizes of the plant component were determined, the use of a hot press machine was validated and the technological parameters for obtaining the finished form of the material were determined. The obtained results of the study are planned to be used for the development of production technology of compostable bio-composites and its further scaling for their mass production of bio-composite materials for consumer and industrial needs

Сегментация временных рядов для выделения шаблонов в больших массивах данных

В работе представлен обзор методов обнаружения разладки для стационарных и нестационарных временных рядов. Целью работы является поиск разладки временного ряда в режиме реального времени. В качестве метода обнаружения разладки была выбрана модификация Воробейчикова на метода кумулятивных сумм. Также реализована сегментация на основе обнаруженных разладок.The work presents an overview of the methods for detecting disorder for stationary and non-stationary time series. The purpose of the work is to find the time series disorders in real time. The modification of Vorobeychikov, which based on method of cumulative sums was chosen as a method for detecting the disorder. Also implemented segmentation based on detected disorders

Data on 30-year stand dynamics in an old-growth broad-leaved forest in the Kaluzhskie Zaseki State Nature Reserve, Russia

The article provides primary data on repeated tree measurements collected during two censuses on a permanent sampling plot (440 m × 200 m) established in the old-growth polydominant broad-leaved forest in the Kaluzhskie Zaseki State Nature Reserve (centre of European Russia). The time span between the inventories was 30 years, and a total of 11 578 individuals of ten tree, one shrub species, and several undefined tree species of three known genera were registered. During the surveys, tree identity, stem diameter at breast height (DBH) of 1.3 m, and life status (alive or dead) were recorded for every tree individual with DBH ≥ 5 cm. Additional attributes were determined for some individuals. Field data were digitised and compiled into the PostgreSQL database. An accurate data quality assessment, validation, and cleaning (with documentation of changes) have been performed before data standardisation according to the Darwin Core standard. Standardised data were published through the GBIF repository. From 1986 to 1988, 9811 individuals were recorded within the initial census, including 3920 Corylus avellana individual shrubs. Corylus avellana shrubs were recorded without measuring DBH. From 2016 to 2018, 7658 stems were recorded in the recensus, including 3090 living trees marked during the initial census, and 1641 other living trees reaching the DBH of at least 5 cm. Corylus avellana was not included in the recensus. Thus, over 30 years, about 65% of living tree individuals have survived, but the total number of living trees has not changed considerably. The mean diameter of shade-intolerant tree species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula, and Betula spp.) has increased the most remarkably during 30 years. For these species, the increase in average diameter, along with the decrease in numbers, is associated with the death of young trees, presumably due to low illumination under the canopy. Contrastingly, shade-tolerant tree species (Ulmus glabra, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides) increased in number, while their mean diameter increased slightly or even decreased, that evidences the successful regeneration of these species under the canopy. These data are relevant for investigating forest ecology questions at spatiotemporal scales as a model of natural succession

Разработка и реализация подхода к определению целей в области качества автопроизводителя по результатам гарантийной эксплуатации автомобилей

Approaches based on such quality management principles as “consumer orientation” and “decision making on the basis of factual data” are of particular importance for the development of Russian automotive industry under current conditions. In order to solve key problems concerning quality and product competitiveness it is necessary to take efficient and substantiated management decisions which are based on a detailed analysis of the results in respect of cars warranty period. Such technology contributes to improvement of quality management processes, creation of opportunities for enhancement of customer satisfaction and sustainable development of carmakers. The paper is updating a problem of development and realization of a new approach to define quality objectives for automotive corporations. Historical analysis has been made in respectof changes in cars quality indicators for one of the leading Russian automakers. The paper presents conventional methodology which is used at enterprises to define quality objectives for new cars being under warranty period. A new approach for determination of target indicators for product quality in automotive industry has been proposed on basis of the analysis of the best practice in organizing process to monitor quality of cars in operation. The approach takes into account a number of indicators of key importance in the formation of product competitiveness of automotive corporations. A common platform has been implemented for development and monitoring of quality objectives for cars in operation. The developed platform meets current and prospwctive tendencies. Application of the platform and its elements in the carmakers practice provides opportunities for harmonious improvement of the quality management system and it is aimed at improvement of product competitiveness.В современных условиях развития российского автопрома особую значимость приобретают подходы, базирующиеся на принципах менеджмента качества «ориентация на потребителя» и «принятие решений, основанных на фактах». Для решения ключевых проблем, связанных с качеством и конкурентоспособностью продукции, крайне необходимы эффективные и обоснованные управленческие действия, базирующиеся в первую очередь на детальном анализе результатов гарантийной эксплуатации автомобилей. Такая технология работы способствует улучшению процессов менеджмента качества, созданию возможностей для повышения удовлетворенности потребителей и устойчивому развитию автопроизводителей. В статье актуализируется проблема разработки и реализации нового подхода к назначению целей в области качества продукции автомобильных корпораций. Проведен исторический анализ изменения показателей качества автомобилей одного из ведущих российских автопроизводителей. Рассматривается традиционная, сложившаяся на предприятиях методология определения целей в области качества по новым автомобилям, находящимся в гарантийной эксплуатации. На основе анализа передового опыта в вопросах организации процесса мониторинга качества автомобилей в эксплуатации предлагается новый подход по определению целевых показателей качества продукции автопрома, который учитывает ряд показателей, имеющих ключевое значение в формировании конкурентоспособности продукции автомобильных корпораций. Разработана и реализована современная, отвечающая текущим и перспективным тенденциям общая платформа процесса разработки и мониторинга целей в области качества автомобилей в эксплуатации. Применение платформы и ее элементов в практике автопроизводителей обеспечивает возможности для гармоничного совершенствования системы менеджмента качества и направлено на повышение конкурентоспособности продукции

Immunomodulatory and neurotropic activities of synthetic peptides in a model of brain injury in rats

Treatment of consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the current problems of medicine. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of post-traumatic complications, various drugs are recommended, including the peptide with neuromodulatory activity Semax.The present study aims to determine the presence of neuro- and immunoprotective properties of the synthetic peptide PR5, composed of fragments of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides.The work was performed on male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. The “falling weight” model of mechanical brain injury was used, which mainly causes diffuse brain damage. The synthesized peptide PR5, composed of fragments of known proline-rich peptides of animal neutrophils, and the peptide preparation Semax in the form of a 1% aqueous solution were used. The drugs were administered intranasally 1 hour after TBI, then twice a day for 4 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Control animals received physiological saline in the same regimen as the peptide preparations.TBI led to a significant decrease in body weight, but in rats receiving the peptide preparation Semax, the decrease in body weight was significantly less than in control animals, and the PR5 preparation completely prevented the decrease in body weight after TBI. After TBI, the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was suppressed and the cytotoxicity of NK cells decreased. In animals treated with peptide preparations, there was no significant suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity, and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was restored to the level of control animals by day 14 after TBI. Both peptide preparations used contributed to higher locomotor activity, and in animals treated with the PR5 peptide, this type of activity reached the parameters of control animals. The reduction in freezing duration in groups treated with peptide preparations indicates the presence of a sedative effect.The peptide preparation PR5 was active in this series of experiments, showing immunotropic and neuroprotective activity comparable to the Semax preparation. Further studies aimed at confirming the identified types of activity of the peptide preparation PR5 may justify its prospects for clinical use as a new nootropic agent

Interlocutions with passive revolution

© The Author(s) 2018. This article critically engages with debates on uneven and combined development and particularly the lack of attention given in this literature to accounts of spatial diversity in capitalism’s outward expansion as well as issues of Eurocentrism. Through interlocutions with Antonio Gramsci on his theorising of state formation and capitalist modernity and the notion of passive revolution, we draw out the internal relationship between the structuring condition of uneven and combined development and the class agency of passive revolution. Interlocuting with passive revolution places Antonio Gramsci firmly within a stream of classic social theory shaping considerations of capitalist modernity. As a result, by building on cognate theorising elsewhere, passive revolution can then be established as a lateral field of causality that necessarily grasps spatio-temporal dynamics linked to both state and subaltern class practices of transformation in social property relations, situated within the structuring conditions of uneven and combined development

Development and Realization of Approach for Defining Quality Objectives of Carmaker According to Results of Cars Warranty Period

Approaches based on such quality management principles as “consumer orientation” and “decision making on the basis of factual data” are of particular importance for the development of Russian automotive industry under current conditions. In order to solve key problems concerning quality and product competitiveness it is necessary to take efficient and substantiated management decisions which are based on a detailed analysis of the results in respect of cars warranty period. Such technology contributes to improvement of quality management processes, creation of opportunities for enhancement of customer satisfaction and sustainable development of carmakers. The paper is updating a problem of development and realization of a new approach to define quality objectives for automotive corporations. Historical analysis has been made in respectof changes in cars quality indicators for one of the leading Russian automakers. The paper presents conventional methodology which is used at enterprises to define quality objectives for new cars being under warranty period. A new approach for determination of target indicators for product quality in automotive industry has been proposed on basis of the analysis of the best practice in organizing process to monitor quality of cars in operation. The approach takes into account a number of indicators of key importance in the formation of product competitiveness of automotive corporations. A common platform has been implemented for development and monitoring of quality objectives for cars in operation. The developed platform meets current and prospwctive tendencies. Application of the platform and its elements in the carmakers practice provides opportunities for harmonious improvement of the quality management system and it is aimed at improvement of product competitiveness

THE EFFECT OF ABOVEGROUND COMPETITION ON SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND CROWN SHAPE OF THE DOMINATING CANOPY SPECIES OF FOREST STANDS OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA

Background. The most of ecosystem models do not take into account the asymmetry of crowns resulted from the competition between trees. Thus, the objective of the current study is to estimate quantitatively the effect of competition on shape and size of tree crowns. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in mixed and pure spruce, pine and birch stands in the Moscow and Novgorod regions. Mapping of trees was carried out on 14 sample plots of 25×25 m in size. Stem diameter, crown length and crown spread in four cardinal directions were measured for each tree. The relationship between crown size and tree stem size was analysed, as well as spatial distribution of stem bases and centroids of crown projections. Results. We found that crown size and shape is strongly dependent on tree species, its location in stand, and stand density. Pioneer tree species are characterized by relatively narrower crowns with high relative crown base height while the late-successional tree species have relatively wider crowns. The asymmetry of crown projection was shown to be strongly influenced by a tree neighbourhood. We also found that centroids of crown projections are distributed in space more regularly than stem bases. Conclusions. The species-specific features in crown development were shown. The analysis of results confirmed the previously described mechanism of adaptation to competition from neighbouring trees through asymmetric crown expansion in different directions. The relationships derived can be used for development of improved algorithm of simulation of aboveground competition. New procedure will allow us account the influence of a tree neighbourhood on the size and shape of its crown