7 research outputs found
Coherent control of electron spin qubits in silicon using a global field
Silicon spin qubits promise to leverage the extraordinary progress in silicon
nanoelectronic device fabrication over the past half century to deliver
large-scale quantum processors. Despite the scalability advantage of using
silicon technology, realising a quantum computer with the millions of qubits
required to run some of the most demanding quantum algorithms poses several
outstanding challenges, including how to control so many qubits simultaneously.
Recently, compact 3D microwave dielectric resonators were proposed as a way to
deliver the magnetic fields for spin qubit control across an entire quantum
chip using only a single microwave source. Although spin resonance of
individual electrons in the globally applied microwave field was demonstrated,
the spins were controlled incoherently. Here we report coherent Rabi
oscillations of single electron spin qubits in a planar SiMOS quantum dot
device using a global magnetic field generated off-chip. The observation of
coherent qubit control driven by a dielectric resonator establishes a credible
pathway to achieving large-scale control in a spin-based quantum computer
High-fidelity operation and algorithmic initialisation of spin qubits above one kelvin
The encoding of qubits in semiconductor spin carriers has been recognised as
a promising approach to a commercial quantum computer that can be
lithographically produced and integrated at scale. However, the operation of
the large number of qubits required for advantageous quantum applications will
produce a thermal load exceeding the available cooling power of cryostats at
millikelvin temperatures. As the scale-up accelerates, it becomes imperative to
establish fault-tolerant operation above 1 kelvin, where the cooling power is
orders of magnitude higher. Here, we tune up and operate spin qubits in silicon
above 1 kelvin, with fidelities in the range required for fault-tolerant
operation at such temperatures. We design an algorithmic initialisation
protocol to prepare a pure two-qubit state even when the thermal energy is
substantially above the qubit energies, and incorporate high-fidelity
radio-frequency readout to achieve an initialisation fidelity of 99.34 per
cent. Importantly, we demonstrate a single-qubit Clifford gate fidelity of
99.85 per cent, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.92 per cent. These advances
overcome the fundamental limitation that the thermal energy must be well below
the qubit energies for high-fidelity operation to be possible, surmounting a
major obstacle in the pathway to scalable and fault-tolerant quantum
computation
Acute infectious exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease and effects of azithromycine, sultamycilline, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate Kronik obstruktif akciger hastaligi olgularinda akut infeksiyon doneminde patojen ajanin saptanmasi ve azitromisin, sultamisilin, siprofloksasin ve sefaklor monohidratin etkinligi
Background and Design. Lower respiratory tract infections cause great morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to find out the causative organism and the effects of azithromycine, ampicillin sulbactam (sultamycilline), ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate therapy in COPD. One hundred and sixteen patients with COPD in acute exacerbation were randomized into four groups for antibiotic treatment following lung function test and sputum. Results. The most common strains were H. influenzae (30.8%), S. pneumoniae (12.0%) and M. catarrhalis (7.7%). Conclusion. H. influenza is the most common causative organism in acute infectious attacks of COPD. Azithromycine, ampicilline sulbactam (Sultamycilline), ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate are of value in the treatment of acute infectious attacks of COPD
Determination of the etiological organism during acute exacerbations of COPD and efficacy of azithromycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor
Acute exacerbations, most of which are due to lower respiratory tract infections, cause great morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and most of these are due to lower respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the causative organism and the effects of azithromycin, ampicillin sulbactam (sultamicillin), ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate therapy in COPD. One hundred and six patients with COPD in acute exacerbation were randomized into four groups for empiric antibiotic treatment following lung function tests and sputum examination. The most common strains isolated from sputum were Haemophilus influenzae (30.8%), Streptoccocus pneumoniae (12%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (7.7%). Azithromycin, sultamicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate were found to be effective in treating COPD exacerbations