Lamellar multilayer gratings with very high diffraction efficiency

The authors report here the development of a hard x-ray multilayer grating that has achieved an absolute efficiency of 34% at a wavelength of 1.54{angstrom}. The W-C multilayer itself has a reflectivity of 57% and the grating has a 0th order absolute efficiency of 36%. The origin of this extraordinarily high efficiency is that the short period and highly asymmetric structure of the gratings combined with its deep grooves allows light to interact with a large number of layer pairs. This increases angular separation of the diffraction orders and reduces the multilayer bandwidth to the point where there is little or no order to order overlap in the grating structure, and hence maximum intensity can be diffracted into a selected order. This paper reports on the development of an optimized multilayer grating and some of its unique characteristics

Thermodynamic analysis of environmental problems of energy

The paper discusses the problems of the ecological analysis of physicochemical processes in power units and the impact of energy systems on the nature in large territorial regions. The model of extreme intermediate states developed at the Energy Systems Institute based on the principles of classical equilibrium thermodynamics was chosen to devise specific computational methods. The results of the conducted studies are presented and directions for further work are outlined

Исследование состава озонобезопасного фреона ФОЛ-62 хроматомасс-спектральным методом.

By chromatography-mass spectrometry composition of ozonesafe freon FOL-62 obtained by method of fluorination with depleted uranium hexafluoride UF6 has been investigated.Методом хроматомасс-спектрометрии изучен состав озонобезопасного фреона ФОЛ-62, полученного фторированием обедненным гексафторидом урана UF6

Investigation of ozonesafe freon FOL-62 composition by chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

By chromatography-mass spectrometry composition of ozonesafe freon FOL-62 obtained by method of fluorination with depleted uranium hexafluoride UF6 has been investigated