Детская инфекционная заболеваемость в Москве: проблемы и их решение

Based on statistical data, a comparative analysis of infectious morbidity and mortality in Moscow in 2015 and 2014 revealed a whole, the decline in these indicators. Made significant progress in reducing infectious morbidity in Moscow due to the vaccination of children, including — increased regional calendar of preventive vaccinations. However, analysis of the work of medical institutions indicates the feasibility of the development and introduction of technologies of management of patients with post-infectious syndromes, as well as improving the health care system for children with infectious diseases based on a multidisciplinary approach in close cooperation infectious disease and pediatricians of different specialties. To solve these problems is proposed a plan to improve the effectiveness of children's infectious diseases services relating to the reorganization of hospital beds and outpatient care, ensure the continuity of the different health facilities, implementation of modern methods of etiological diagnosis of infections, the organization of continuous vocational training of paediatricians in Moscow on a specialty «Infectious diseases».На основе статистических данных проведен сравнительный анализ инфекционной заболеваемости и летальности в Москве за 2015 и 2014 гг., выявивший, в целом, тенденцию к сокращению этих показателей. Достигнуты существенные успехи в снижении инфекционной заболеваемости у детей Москвы за счет вакцинопрофилактики, в том числе — расширения регионального календаря профилактических прививок. Вместе с тем, анализ работы медицинских учреждений указывает на целесообразность разработки и внедрения технологий ведения больных с постинфекционными синдромами, а также совершенствования системы оказания медицинской помощи детям с инфекционными заболеваниями на основе междисциплинарного подхода при тесном взаимодействии инфекционистов и педиатров различных специальностей. Для решения этих задач предложен план повышения эффективности детской инфекционной службы, касающийся реорганизации коечного фонда и амбулаторной помощи, обеспечения преемственности разных ЛПУ, внедрения современных методов этиологической диагностики инфекций, организации непрерывного профессионального образования врачей-педиатров Москвы по специальности «Инфекционные болезни»

Основополагающее значение понятий «амбулаторность» и «неамбулаторность» в комплексной оценке состояния пациентов с мышечной дистрофией Дюшенна

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease due to a mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin synthesis. In patients, muscle damage and atrophy progresses, the ability to move independently decreases as well as respiratory and cardiac functions. At various stages of the disease, different methods of care and treatment of patients with DMD are used. The clinical effect of new methods of DMD target therapy may depend on the stage of development of the disease (ambulatory or non‑ambulatory). To date, there are no unified criteria for assessing the status of a patient in terms ambulatory. In clinical trials and real clinical practice, different approaches are used to assess the patient’s status. However, the conclusion about the functional capabilities is critical for patients with DMD as approaches in management of patients in ambulatory and non‑ambulatory stages differ significantly. This necessitates expert consensus to achieve consistency and avoid any of discrepancies on that issue.The paper reviews the available published data on the concepts of “ambulatory” and “non‑ambulatory” used in clinical trials, real clinical practice, international standards and recommendations. As a conclusion of this analysis, it is proposed in real clinical practice to interpret “ambulation” in DMD patients as ability to walk without the use of assistive devices and without specifying the distance and time, and “non‑ambulation” as condition in which the patient is forced to constantly use a wheelchair both indoors and outdoors.Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна (МДД) – фатальное нервно‑мышечное заболевание, обусловленное мутацией гена, кодирующего белок дистрофин. В результате развивающегося и прогрессирующего повреждения и атрофии мышц пациенты теряют способность к самостоятельному передвижению, у них развиваются респираторные и кардиологические нарушения. На разных стадиях МДД используются разные методы ведения. Клинический эффект новых методов таргетной терапии МДД может зависеть от стадии болезни на момент назначения лечения: амбулаторной, когда пациент ходит самостоятельно, или неамбулаторной, когда способность к самостоятельной ходьбе утрачена. Сегодня нет единых критериев статуса пациента с точки зрения амбулаторности, а в клинических исследованиях и реальной практике используются разные подходы к ее оценке. Тем не менее определение понятий «амбулаторность» и «неамбулаторность» критично для пациентов с МДД, так как подходы к ведению пациентов в амбулаторной и неамбулаторной стадии болезни различны. В статье представлены обзор, сравнение и анализ определений «амбулаторность» и «неамбулаторность», использованных в клинических исследованиях, реальной медицинской практике, международных стандартах и рекомендациях.По итогам анализа предлагается в реальной клинической практике трактовать амбулаторность больных МДД как способность ходить без использования вспомогательных средств и без указания дистанции и времени, а потерей амбулаторности считать состояние, при котором пациент вынужден постоянно использовать инвалидное кресло для передвижения как вне дома, так и в домашних условиях

Surface-modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as supports

Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN-nfs) are one of the most studied nanofibres because of their excellent characteristics, such as good mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and good thermal stability. Due to the easy dissolution in polar organic solvents, PAN-nfs are mostly produced via electrospinning technique. The electrospun PAN-nfs surfaces are relatively in-active and hydrophobic, and, therefore, hinder some potential applications; however, chemical surface modification reactions, such as amination, reduction, hydrolysis, and amidoximation, have been carried out on them. These reactions bring about functional groups, such as amine, hydroxyl, carboxylic, imine etc, to the surface PAN-nfs and invariably make their surfaces active and hydrophilic. The surface-modified PAN-nfs have been used as supports for organic compounds, enzymes, and antibodies in biological studies. They have also been used for immobilization of various organic ligands for adsorption of metal ions in water. Furthermore, because of their ability to complex metal ions, several surface-modified PAN-nfs have also been used as supports for transition metal catalysts in Fenton’s chemistry.IS

Part 1: production of a modified PAN fibrous catalyst and its optimisation towards the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

This paper describes the novel and innovative use of a mixture of hydrazine and hydroxylamine to prepare one of the first solid state Fenton’s catalysts where the active site does not leach out and is therefore reusable enabling industrial take-up. It resulted in an ongoing series of papers, 4 grants totalling £2million, and the award or filing of 5 patents. The catalyst is in field trials with Severn Trent Water for the removal of microcontaminats to meet new EU legislation. A similar process applied to low-value wool fibres (as patented by KDH) is likely to result in improved rural sustainability

Investigation of the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of a modified PAN fibrous catalyst

This paper was the first confirmation that the metal catalyst was located on the exterior surface of the fibre and the first to obtain an understanding of the number and nature of atoms around the active site by an EXAFS study at the international Synchrotron Source at Daresbury. Characterisation of the mechanical strength of the catalyst showed that it was good enough for industrial applications as detailed above

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS WITH NON-UNIFORM LOAD

The paper deals with the problem of characteristics evaluation for enterprise information systems at the design stage. In the design of ERP-systems the most interest characteristic is not the average time, but the probability of timely delivery of different type messages (for example, command, service, multimedia, files, etc.) from the sender to the recipient. In addition,the possibility of using the priority information management built on the basis of service disciplines of general form with mixed priorities needs to be considered. An open queuing network with non-uniform data flow is used for solution of this problem. The method for calculation of information systems characteristics is proposed based on the decomposition of the network model. The end results obtained with this approach and by means of priority management are approximate because different classes of message streams at the output and input nodes of the computer system differ from the simple ones. However, result errors of the proposed analytical method are in acceptable limits for engineering calculations as it was shown by simulation in a wide range of parameters corresponding to real systems. Obtained results are usable for optimization problem solution of data transmission networks in modern information systems, involving routing algorithm definition and priorities specification for different classes of messages to provide given delivery time

THE ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS MOTIVATION AND FAILURES AVOIDANCE OF THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS IN KRASNOYARSK

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.In the course of education a significant role is played by motivation of students. The study of academic motivation is one of the fundamental problems in pedagogics and psychology, since an efficient interaction between teachers and students is possible within understanding of their motivation. To teach in today’s environment it is necessary to be able to interpret such pshyco-pedagogical characteristics of a person as motivation, independent behavior, active performance and ability to reach one’s goals. To assess the motivation of the first-year students of economics in Krasnoyarsk we have used A. Mekhrabian’s inventory consisted of two forms: for males and females. Within the research, to identify relation between the motivation and performance of the students we have estimated Spearman’s rank correlation. The current research results in the fact that the majority of the first-year respondents are mainly willing to avoid failures. The distribution of points within the groups is close to a normal distribution. The indicators of motivation and academic performance of the students are correlated by the tie – average in size and straight in direction. To increase the number of students encouraged to succeed it is necessary to implement innovative teaching methods. The education techniques should be primarily aimed at the development of student’s cognitive interest in the process of education. The process of teaching should also be modernized with the active learning methods improving R&D work and solving the problems related to their future profession. It is also necessary to encourage the students for a successful academic and scientific life in the university starting from the very beginning

Implementation of the Model of Noosphere-Aesthetic Education of Primary School Students by Means of Regional Culture

The relevance of the problem of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students is due to the need for their entry into noosphere-cultural space of the region which affects the formation of humanistic attitude of students to all life on the earth, their native nature and culture; insufficient theoretical and practical development of the model for the implementation of this phenomenon.The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation, development and implementation of the model of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students by means of regional culture.The leading method of research is modeling which allows to create and implement an integral system of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students by means of regional culture.On the basis of cultural and environmental approaches we have defined the content of the concepts "noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students", “regional culture" and proved the effectiveness of the model for implementing this approach. In this article from the standpoint of cultural and environmental approaches the concept of "noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students" is clarified, the effectiveness of the implementation model of this phenomenon by means of regional culture is proved, prospects of using its building blocks: target, structural, diagnostic, technological and effective in the education system are substantiated.The results of the research presented in the article and statistical processing of experimental data using R.Fisher's angular coefficient of transformation proved the effectiveness of proposed model in educational process.Practical significance of the study is that diagnostic techniques, program, process unit of the model presented in the article contribute to more efficient noosphere education of primary school students and can be used by teachers of higher school, primary school teachers and educators in their activities

FATAL QUARTET OR QUINTET?

Correction of potential risk factors is essential for effective therapy for cardiovascular diseases. This clinical case demonstrates negative impact of non-corrected risk factors — obstructive sleep apnea — in occurrence and further progression of cardiovascular disease.</p