Photoproduction of \eta mesons on protons in the resonance region:The background problem and the third S_11 resonance

We have constructed an isobar model for the $\eta$-photoproduction on the proton in the energy region up to the photon lab energy $K_0 = 3$ GeV. The data base involved into the fitting procedure includes precise results for the cross section and for the $T$-asymmetry of the process $\gamma p\to\eta p$ near threshold obtained at MAMI and ELSA as well as recent results for the $\Sigma$-asymmetry and for the angular distribution measured at higher energies in Grenoble and also more recent measurements performed at JLab for the photon energies up to 2 GeV. The model includes twelve nucleon resonances: $S_{11}(1535)$, $S_{11}(1650)$, $S_{11}(1825)$, $P_{11}(1440)$,$P_{13}(1720)$, $D_{13}(1520)$, $D_ {15}(1675)$, $F_{15}(1680)$, $F_{17}(1990)$,$G_{17}(2190)$, $G_{19} (2250)$, $H_{19}(2220)$, and the background consisting of the nucleon pole term and the vector meson exchange in the $t$-channel. To explain the observed energy dependence of the integrated cross section, two $s$ -wave resonances, $S_{11}(1650)$ and $S_{11}(1825)$, have to be taken into account along with the dominating $S_{11}(1535)$. The integrated cross section as well as the angular distribution and $\Sigma$ asymmetry predicted by the model are in good agreement with the data. Above the photon energy $K_0 = 2$ GeV, the calculated cross section exhibits an appreciable dependence on the $\rho$- and $\omega$-meson contribution, whose coupling with nucleons is not well defined. Several versions of extending the model to higher energies are considered.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, version to appear in Eur.Phys.J.A 22 (2004

Molecular Mobility in a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends: Study by the Pulsed Gradient NMR Techniques

The molecular mobility in PEG-PVP blends as a function of the time of system storage and the PVP molecular mass is studied by the pulsed-field gradient NMR method. The distribution of PEG molecules over their mobilities is found in a blend containing 36 vol % of PEG with the molecular mass of 400 g/mol. As the storage time of the system increases, the spectrum of diffusion coefficient values varies, thereby indicating the redistribution of PEG400 molecules in the blend with PVP. An anomalous (partly restricted) diffusion of PEG400 molecules is discovered, reflecting the influence of PVP macromolecules on the motion of short PEG chains. It is shown that, during the redistribution of PEG molecules in the blend, they are involved in a complex with PVP, which is characterized by its own transport properties. The data obtained by the NMR relaxation technique are in agreement with the results of NMR diffusion measurements in the studied systems

CEM03 and LAQGSM03 - new modeling tools for nuclear applications

An improved version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) of nuclear reactions realized in the code CEM2k and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) have been developed recently at LANL to describe reactions induced by particles and nuclei for a number of applications. Our CEM2k and LAQGSM merged with the GEM2 evaporation/fission code by Furihata have predictive powers comparable to other modern codes and describe many reactions better than other codes; therefore both our codes can be used as reliable event generators in transport codes for applications. During the last year, we have made a significant improvements to the intranuclear cascade parts of CEM2k and LAQGSM, and have extended LAQGSM to describe photonuclear reactions at energies to 10 GeV and higher. We have produced in this way improved versions of our codes, CEM03.01 and LAQGSM03.01. We present a brief description of our codes and show illustrative results obtained with CEM03.01 and LAQGSM03.01 for different reactions compared with predictions by other models, as well as examples of using our codes as modeling tools for nuclear applications.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series: Proc. Europhysics Conf. on New Trends in Nuclear Physics Applications and Technologies (NPDC19), Pavia, Italy, September 5-9, 200

Photon- and meson-induced reactions on the nucleon

In an unitary effective Lagrangian model we develop a unified description of both meson scattering and photon-induced reactions on the nucleon. Adding the photon to an already existing model for meson-nucleon scattering yields both Compton and meson photoproduction amplitudes. In a simultaneous fit to all available data involving the final states $\gamma N$, $\pi N$, $\pi\pi N$, $\eta N$ and $K \Lambda$ the parameters of the nucleon resonances are extracted.Comment: 57 pages, 14 figures, LaTex (uses Revtex and graphicx). Submitted to Phys. Rev. C. References updated, Fig. 14 change

Molecular Mobility in a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends: Study by the Pulsed Gradient NMR Techniques

The molecular mobility in PEG-PVP blends as a function of the time of system storage and the PVP molecular mass is studied by the pulsed-field gradient NMR method. The distribution of PEG molecules over their mobilities is found in a blend containing 36 vol % of PEG with the molecular mass of 400 g/mol. As the storage time of the system increases, the spectrum of diffusion coefficient values varies, thereby indicating the redistribution of PEG400 molecules in the blend with PVP. An anomalous (partly restricted) diffusion of PEG400 molecules is discovered, reflecting the influence of PVP macromolecules on the motion of short PEG chains. It is shown that, during the redistribution of PEG molecules in the blend, they are involved in a complex with PVP, which is characterized by its own transport properties. The data obtained by the NMR relaxation technique are in agreement with the results of NMR diffusion measurements in the studied systems

Molecular Mobility in a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends: Study by the Pulsed Gradient NMR Techniques

The molecular mobility in PEG-PVP blends as a function of the time of system storage and the PVP molecular mass is studied by the pulsed-field gradient NMR method. The distribution of PEG molecules over their mobilities is found in a blend containing 36 vol % of PEG with the molecular mass of 400 g/mol. As the storage time of the system increases, the spectrum of diffusion coefficient values varies, thereby indicating the redistribution of PEG400 molecules in the blend with PVP. An anomalous (partly restricted) diffusion of PEG400 molecules is discovered, reflecting the influence of PVP macromolecules on the motion of short PEG chains. It is shown that, during the redistribution of PEG molecules in the blend, they are involved in a complex with PVP, which is characterized by its own transport properties. The data obtained by the NMR relaxation technique are in agreement with the results of NMR diffusion measurements in the studied systems

Molecular Mobility in a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Blends: Study by the Pulsed Gradient NMR Techniques

The molecular mobility in PEG-PVP blends as a function of the time of system storage and the PVP molecular mass is studied by the pulsed-field gradient NMR method. The distribution of PEG molecules over their mobilities is found in a blend containing 36 vol % of PEG with the molecular mass of 400 g/mol. As the storage time of the system increases, the spectrum of diffusion coefficient values varies, thereby indicating the redistribution of PEG400 molecules in the blend with PVP. An anomalous (partly restricted) diffusion of PEG400 molecules is discovered, reflecting the influence of PVP macromolecules on the motion of short PEG chains. It is shown that, during the redistribution of PEG molecules in the blend, they are involved in a complex with PVP, which is characterized by its own transport properties. The data obtained by the NMR relaxation technique are in agreement with the results of NMR diffusion measurements in the studied systems