1,379 research outputs found
H-theorem in quantum physics
Remarkable progress of quantum information theory (QIT) allowed to formulate
mathematical theorems for conditions that data-transmitting or data-processing
occurs with a non-negative entropy gain. However, relation of these results
formulated in terms of entropy gain in quantum channels to temporal evolution
of real physical systems is not thoroughly understood. Here we build on the
mathematical formalism provided by QIT to formulate the quantum H-theorem in
terms of physical observables. We discuss the manifestation of the second law
of thermodynamics in quantum physics and uncover special situations where the
second law can be violated. We further demonstrate that the typical evolution
of energy-isolated quantum systems occurs with non-diminishing entropy.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Spatially inhomogeneous electron state deep in the extreme quantum limit of strontium titanate
When an electronic system is subjected to a sufficiently strong magnetic
field that the cyclotron energy is much larger than the Fermi energy, the
system enters the "extreme quantum limit" (EQL) and becomes susceptible to a
number of instabilities. Bringing a three-dimensional electronic system deeply
into the EQL can be difficult, however, since it requires a small Fermi energy,
large magnetic field, and low disorder. Here we present an experimental study
of the EQL in lightly-doped single crystals of strontium titanate, which remain
good bulk conductors down to very low temperatures and high magnetic fields.
Our experiments probe deeply into the regime where theory has long predicted
electron-electron interactions to drive the system into a charge density wave
or Wigner crystal state. A number of interesting features arise in the
transport in this regime, including a striking re-entrant nonlinearity in the
current-voltage characteristics and a saturation of the quantum-limiting field
at low carrier density. We discuss these features in the context of possible
correlated electron states, and present an alternative picture based on
magnetic-field induced puddling of electrons.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 7 pages of supplementary information; to appear
in Nature Communication
Gell-Mann - Low Function in QED for the arbitrary coupling constant
The Gell-Mann -- Low function \beta(g) in QED (g is the fine structure
constant) is reconstructed. At large g, it behaves as \beta_\infty g^\alpha
with \alpha\approx 1, \beta_\infty\approx 1.Comment: 5 pages, PD
Spin Polarization Phenomena and Pseudospin Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in the HgTe Quantum Well
The parallel field of a full spin polarization of the electron gas in a
\Gamma8 conduction band of the HgTe quantum well was obtained from the
magnetoresistance by three different ways in a zero and quasi-classical range
of perpendicular field component Bper. In the quantum Hall range of Bper the
spin polarization manifests in anticrossings of magnetic levels, which were
found to strongly nonmonotonously depend on Bper.Comment: to be published in AIP Conf. Proc.: 15-th International Conference on
Narrow Gap Systems (NGS-15
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