Kinetic equations for ultrarelativistic particles in a Robertson-Walker Universe and isotropization of relict radiation by gravitational interactions

Kinetic equations for ultrarelativistic particles with due account of gravitational interactions with massive particles in the Robertson-Walker universe are obtained. On the basis of an exact solution of the kinetic equations thus obtained, a conclusion is made as to the high degree of the uniformity of the relict radiation on scales with are less than $10'$.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, 13 reference

Collisional plasma relaxation in the field of a planar gravitational wave

The general relativistic kinetic theory is applied to calculate corrections to the distribution arising from Coulomb collisions of particles in the field of a planar gravitational wave. These corrections are used in corrections to the energy-momentum tensor and in deriving the collisional-damping decrements for gravitational waves for a Boltzmann plasma and for a plasma with degenerate electrons. The largest contribution to the damping decrement in a Boltzmann plasma comes from the ions colliding with the electrons; the decrement increases as T-1/2. In a plasma with degenerate electrons, the decrement decreases linearly as the temperature falls and tends to zero at zero temperature. © 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation

ОЦЕНКА И ВЫБОР ФОРМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

Relevance. Today, every state considers the problem of economic growth is the key, and in modern conditions of globalization and integration processes, the occurrence of crisis situations, increasing the likelihood of risks, limited natural resources, growing global competition, this problem is of fundamental importance. These tendencies also bring to the fore the necessity of choosing the most optimal forms of state regulation, ensuring the rational combination of market mechanisms and administrative interference in the economy.Purpose. Development of theoretical provisions and identification of the main directions of the evolution of the state regulations forms of intensification of economic growth on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of their impact on the economy.Methods. As a methodological basis of research were used methods of systematization, structuring of information, correlation and regression analysis, a system approach.Results. The article shows that state regulation of economy in market conditions is a necessary system of standard measures of legislative, executive and supervisory nature performed by the competent state bodies and public organizations in order to stabilize and adapt the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions. On the basis of systematization and generalization of theoretical and practical aspects of state regulation in Russia and in foreign countries we identified trends and patterns of state regulation of the intensification of regional economic growth, assessed their impact using the author’s method of regression analysis that allowed to identify the priority forms of state regulation. The approach proposed in the article for identification of the relationship between the resultant indicators of state regulation and the factor indicators that affected the results. It allows us to determine primary tools of macro-regulation.Conclusions. Our research demonstrates the need to implement various forms of state regulation in existing conditions of growing crisis trends, globalization, and geopolitical tensions. The preferable direction of state regulation is the intensification of economic growth — the fundamental factor of economic security and global competitiveness.Актуальность. Сегодня каждое государство считает проблему экономического роста ключевой, причем в современных условиях глобализации и интеграционных процессов, нарастания кризисных ситуаций, повышения вероятности рисков, ограниченности природных ресурсов, усиления глобальной конкуренции данная проблема приобретает основополагающее значение. Указанные тенденции также выводят на первый план необходимость выбора наиболее оптимальных форм государственного регулирования, обеспечивающих рациональное сочетание рыночных механизмов и административного вмешательства в экономику.Цель. Развитие теоретических положений и выявление основных направлений форм государственного регулирования интенсификации экономического роста на основе комплексной оценки их воздействия на экономику.Методы. В качестве методологической основы исследования использовались методы систематизации, структуризации информации, корреляционно-регрессионный анализ, системный подход.Результаты. В статье показано, что государственное регулирование экономики в условиях рынка представляет собой необходимую систему стандартных мер законодательного, исполнительного и надзорного характера, проводимых компетентными государственными органами и общественными организациями в целях стабилизации и адаптации существующей социально-экономической системы к изменению условий. На основании систематизации и обобщения теоретических и практических аспектов государственного регулирования в России и зарубежных странах выявлены тенденции и закономерности государственного регулирования интенсификации экономического роста регионов, проведена оценка степени их влияния с использованием авторского метода регрессионного анализа, что позволило выделить приоритетные формы государственного регулирования. Предложенный в статье подход к выявлению взаимосвязи между результативными признаками государственного регулирования и факторными показателями, влияющими на результаты, позволяет определить наиболее приоритетные инструменты макрорегулирования.Выводы. Проведенное исследование демонстрирует необходимость реализации различных форм государственного регулирования в современных условиях нарастания кризисных тенденций, глобализации, геополитической напряженности. Наиболее приоритетное направление государственного регулирования — интенсификация экономического роста, выступающая основополагающим фактором экономической безопасности и глобальной конкурентоспособност

Kinetics of the isotropic expansion of a uniform electron-photon plasma

An analysis is performed of the main stages in the expansion of an electron-photon plasma with collisional processes taken into account. A relativistic Fokker-Planck equation for the electrons in the Compton stage of the expansion is derived from the general covariant kinetic equation. © 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Kinetics of isotropic expansion of an optically transparent plasma at the compton stage

An exact solution is obtained to the nonrelativistic Focker-Planck equation for electrons at the Compton stage of expansion. The electrons have a Maxwellian distribution whose temperature differs from the radiation temperature. A qualitative analysis is made of the correction to the equilibrium relativistic distribution, and it is shown that elastic collisions of ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic particles in isotropic expansion do not result in the non-relativistic-particle spectrum. © 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Suspension of Mitotic Activity in Dentate Gyrus of the Hibernating Ground Squirrel

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian hippocampus, a region of the brain important for learning and memory. Hibernation in Siberian ground squirrels provides a natural model to study mitosis as the rapid fall in body temperature in 24 h (from 35-36°C to +4–6°C) permits accumulation of mitotic cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Histological methods used to study adult neurogenesis are limited largely to fixed tissue, and the mitotic state elucidated depends on the specific phase of mitosis at the time of day. However, using an immunohistochemical study of doublecortin (DCX) and BrdU-labelled neurons, we demonstrate that the dentate gyrus of the ground squirrel hippocampus contains a population of immature cells which appear to possess mitotic activity. Our data suggest that doublecortin-labelled immature cells exist in a mitotic state and may represent a renewable pool for generation of new neurons within the dentate gyrus

Anodic synthesis and molecular structure of dodecaethylhexaamidobisphosphonium diperchlorate

The electrochemical oxidation of hexaethyl triamidophosphite in the absence of nucleophiles specially introduced into the electrolyte was studied by anodic voltamperometry and preparative electrolysis. The reversible one-electron oxidation of the triamidophosphite molecule gives an unstable radical-cation, which reacts with a molecule of the starting compound to give a dimeric radical-cation, whose subsequent oxidation leads to dodecaethylhexaamidobisphosphonium diperchlorate. This product is the first example of an acyclic, doubly charged bisphosphonium cation with a {Mathematical expression}. The crystal structure of this compound was obtained by x-ray diffraction structure analysis. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Charged multifluids in general relativity

The exact 1+3 covariant dynamical fluid equations for a multi-component plasma, together with Maxwell's equations are presented in such a way as to make them suitable for a gauge-invariant analysis of linear density and velocity perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model. In the case where the matter is described by a two component plasma where thermal effects are neglected, a mode representing high-frequency plasma oscillations is found in addition to the standard growing and decaying gravitational instability picture. Further applications of these equations are also discussed.Comment: 14 pages (example added), to appear in Class. Quantum Gra