Age-Dependent Effects of Haptoglobin Deletion in Neurobehavioral and Anatomical Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Cerebral hemorrhages are common features of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their presence is associated with chronic disabilities. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggests that haptoglobin (Hp), an endogenous hemoglobin-binding protein most abundant in blood plasma, is involved in the intrinsic molecular defensive mechanism, though its role in TBI is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hp deletion on the anatomical and behavioral outcomes in the controlled cortical impact model using wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and genetically modified mice lacking the Hp gene (Hp-/-) in two age cohorts [2–4 mo old (young adult) and 7–8 mo old (older adult)]. The data obtained suggest age-dependent significant effects on the behavioral and anatomical TBI outcomes and recovery from the injury. Moreover, in the adult cohort, neurological deficits of Hp-/- mice at 24 h were significantly improved as compared to WT; whereas there were no significant differences in brain pathology between these genotypes. In contrast, in the older adult cohort, Hp-/- mice had significantly larger lesion volumes compared to WT, but neurological deficits were not significantly different. Immunohistochemistry for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed significant differences in microglial and astrocytic reactivity between Hp-/- and WT in selected brain regions of the adult but not the older adult age cohort. In conclusion, the data obtained in the study provide clarification on the age-dependent aspects of the intrinsic defensive mechanisms involving Hp that might be involved in complex pathways differentially affecting acute brain trauma outcomes

Cascade frequency converters control features

The structures of systems with high-voltage cascade frequency converters containing multi-winding transformers and low-voltage low-power converters connected in series at each output phase of the load are considered. Low-voltage blocks contain three-phase diode or active rectifiers, DC capacitor filters, single-phase stand-alone voltage inverters and block disconnecting devices in partial modes (in case of failure when part of the blocks are disconnected). The possibilities of operation of cascade converters are determined, equations for correcting tasks to units in partial modes are given, tables of correction of tasks with estimates of achievable load characteristics are proposed. The results of experiments on the model of a powerful installation with a cascade frequency converter are presented, confirming the possibility of ensuring the symmetry of the load currents when disconnecting part of the blocks and the asymmetry of the circuit

Development of spring durum wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in Western Siberia

Background. Stem rust of wheat, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et Henn., is a dangerous disease that afflicts serious economic damage to the cultivation of durum wheat.Materials and methods. Cultivars and promising materials developed at the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory, Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (OASC), lines obtained under the CIMMYT and KASIB programs, and accessions from the VIR collection were the objects of research. Field experiments, phenological observations, and assessment of stem rust resistance were carried out from 1990 through 2019 in the OASC experimental fields using conventional methods. Resistance to the Ug99 race was evaluated under natural infection pressure at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO).Results. Promising source material was identified and included in the Laboratory’s breeding program. The ways were shown to develop stable cultivars of spring durum wheat for the environments of Western Siberia. A strategy was proposed for the selection of genotypes in hybrid combinations of spring durum wheat: it would include early selection (starting from F2 ) for disease resistance with simultaneous screening for quantitative traits and pasta-making qualities. The description and advantages of cv. ‘Omsky korall’, submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2018, are presented. This cultivar combines high yield, adaptability, resistance to the local population and the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen, and excellent pasta-making qualities.Conclusion. As a result of these studies under heavy stem rust pressure in Western Siberia, all breeding nurseries obtained source material resistant to the Omsk population of P. graminis. The released cultivars ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’ and ‘Omsky izumrud’ demonstrate resistance to the Omsk population of the stem rust causative agent

Promising genetic sources for the creation of varieties of durum spring wheat in Western Siberia

The study, expansion and preservation of the genetic diversity of the source material, and its purposeful use in hybridization is the basis for the creation of adaptive varieties of durum spring wheat that are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment of Western Siberia. The objects of research were samples of durum spring wheat. Over the years of research (2000–2020), about 3 thousand samples were worked out from the world gene pool of various countries and regions: from the collection of the VIR, the gene pool from Mexico (CIMMYT) within the framework of the agreement and cooperation program (2000–2007), from 2000 to the present time under the program of the Kazakh-Siberian Spring Wheat Breeding Network (KASIB), from other scientific institutions of Russia in exchange activities. Using generally accepted techniques, the obtained material was studied for a complex of traits: yield, adaptability, grain quality, resistance to diseases. In the cycle of studying the gene pool from CIMMYT, 50 genotypes were identified in terms of yield at the level of the Omskaja jantarnaja standard, 276 grains by test weight, 131 samples by pasta color, 131 samples by resistance to hard smut, and 112 by resistance to powdery mildew. Almost all samples were not affected by leaf rust. The study set showed high sensitivity to extreme conditions and most forms of interest in quality and disease resistance were low-productive in our environment. In KASIB nurseries, 29 samples were identified in terms of yield and adaptability, 29 samples in terms of grain quality, 21 in terms of resistance to diseases, including 8 resistant to stem rust. In the set of varieties received from the VIR, 15 genotypes were adaptive, 16 had high grain quality, 11 were resistant to stem rust. In the breeding material, 17 samples of the local population resistant to stem rust (6 of them were comprehensively resistant) and 25 race-resistant to Ug99 were identified. The genotypes identified as a result of research are of interest as sources of valuable traits

Using the gene pool of CIMMYT cultivars and lines in spring durum wheat breeding in Western Siberia

Background. Preservation and expansion of the source material genetic diversity and its purposeful use is the basis for the development of adaptable spring durum wheat cultivars for the environments of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. The target research material included the cultivars and promising material of Triticum durum Desf. developed in the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory of Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center as well as the gene pool of cultivars and lines obtained under the CIMMYT International Cooperation Program. Field trials, disease resistance assessment and phenological observations were carried out on the experimental fields of the Institute in 2000–2020 according to generally accepted methods. Principal component analysis was carried out using the R version of the 4.0.3 package.Results. The studies have shown that CIMMYT lines differ from local cultivars and lines in disease resistance (brown rust, stem rust, hard smut, and powdery mildew), test weight, pasta-making properties, and lodging resistance, but under the conditions of Western Siberia they are significantly inferior in adaptability to local cultivars and lines and suffer greatly from drought, especially during the grain-filling period. In the genetic control of the studied traits, the additive-dominant system with the inclusion of the complementary recessive epistasis prevails. Local cultivars dominated in most of the studied traits, except the stem length, and the length and diameter of the second internode, where short-stemmed cultivars affected the degree of the traits’ expression in hybrids.Conclusion. The result of such activity was the release of cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, which combines high yield, adaptability to the climate of Western Siberia, and resistance to the local population of Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. et Henn. and Ug99, with excellent pasta-making properties, as well as the presence of promising lines in all breeding nurseries

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СОРТОВ ТВЁРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ И ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ

In Western Siberia, during the laboratory studies of the durum wheat breeding in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in 2015-2018 the productivity of durum wheat varieties from the nursery of ecological variety testing was studied. Scientific data on the elements of the crop structure are presented, depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. Years of research in Omsk were quite contrasting in terms of temperature and moisture supply. Durum wheat productivity was estimated by ripeness groups and correlative interconnections were revealed by productivity elements. The conditions of the growing season significantly affected the productivity of durum wheat. The productive bushiness varied slightly from year to year during the research. The density of the stalk has increased to two productive stems in some species in 2018. There was also found an increase in the spike content of the spike up to 30 pcs in 2018. A correlation between the number of grains in an ear and the grain weight of the main ear was established. A reliable interconnection between productivity and the grain mass of the main ear was observed. The grain weight of the main spike varied between 1.1-1.6 g. Oazis and Omsk emerald were distinguished by all productivity indicators. It was found that most of the studied species formed a high yield in 2018 and the lowest in 2016 with a lack of moisture during harvest. In the course of research, the most productive and plastic species were identified by a number of characteristics. The Omsk emerald species has a high productivity potential and it is resistant to sharp weather  conditions. The calculation of ecological plasticity showed that the species Pamyati Chekhovich and Oasis are most responsive to changing growing conditions, but more demanding on agricultural technology. For cultivation in Omsk region farms the species Omsk Amber, Omsk Steppe, and Pearl of Siberia can be recommended.В условиях Западной Сибири в исследованиях лаборатории селекции твердой пшеницы ФГБНУ «Омский аграрный научный центр» в 2015–2018 гг. изучена продуктивность сортов твердой пшеницы из питомника экологического сортоиспытания. Представлены научные данные по элементам структуры урожая в зависимости от агрометеорологических условий периода вегетации. Годы исследований в Омске были довольно контрастны по температурному режиму и влагообеспеченности. Проведена оценка урожайности твёрдой пшеницы по группам спелости и выявлены коррелятивные взаимосвязи по элементам продуктивности. Условия периода вегетации значительно повлияли на продуктивность твёрдой пшеницы. Продуктивная кустистость менялась по годам исследования незначительно. Густота стеблестоя возросла до двух продуктивных стеблей у некоторых сортов в 2018 г. Увеличение озернённости колоса до 30 шт. в среднем по группам спелости наблюдалось также в 2018 г. Установлена корреляция между количеством зёрен в колосе и массой зерна главного колоса. Достоверная взаимосвязь наблюдалась между урожайностью и массой зерна главного колоса. Масса зерна главного колоса варьировала в пределах 1,1–1,6 г. По всем показателям продуктивности выделились сорта Оазис и Омский изумруд. Установлено, что большая часть изученных сортов формировала высокую урожайность в 2018 г. а самую низкую в 2016 г. при недостатке влаги во время уборки. В ходе исследований определены наиболее урожайные и пластичные по ряду признаков сорта. Сорт Омский изумруд имеет высокий потенциал продуктивности и устойчив к неблагоприятным условиям среды. Расчёт экологической пластичности показал, что сорта Памяти Чеховича и Оазис наиболее отзывчивы на изменение условий выращивания, но более требовательны к агротехнике. Для выращивания в хозяйствах Омской области на экстенсивном фоне можно рекомендовать сорта Омская янтарная, Омская степная, Жемчужина Сибири

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ЯИЧНИКОВ У МЫШЕЙ С ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНО ИЗМЕНЕННЫМ ТИРЕОИДНЫМ СТАТУСОМ

The frequency of breast tumors has been studied in inbreed C3H-A mice with affected thyroid status. It has been shown that frequency of breast tumors was significantly higher in the animals with hyperthyroid condition versus the hypothyroid group (рИсследовали частоту возникновения рака молочной железы у инбредных мышей линии С3Н-А с измененным тиреоидным статусом. Выявлено, что частота возникновения рака молочной железы была достоверно выше у животных с длительно протекающим гипертиреозом по сравнению с гипотиреоидной группой (

ОЦЕНКА АДАПТИВНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ЯРОВОЙ ТВЁРДОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Field research was carried out in 2018-2019 on the premises of Omsk Agrarian Research Centre, exactly the breeding crop rotation of the laboratory of durum wheat breeding as well as at the reference point of seed production in the steppe zone in the village of Novouralsky Tavrichesky district of Omsk region. The experiments were conducted in a complete fallow. The area of the plots was 10 m², repeated four times, the location was random. Weather conditions during the vegetation period of 2018 were contrasting both in terms of precipitation and temperature. Grain formation took place in late August - early September, which had a significant impact on grain quality. In 2019, atypical meteorological conditions were observed: favorable in the first vegetation period and arid - in the second (Volga type of drought). The productivity of durum wheat lines was estimated in terms of adaptive capacity and stability. Scientific data on the parameters of grain quality and disease resistance are highlighted. Yields of durum wheat lines varied considerably depending on agro-climatic conditions of the year and cultivation background. The best conditions for the growth and development of genotypes were set up in the southern forest-steppe zone of Omsk, the maximum crop yield was observed in the Gord. line 08-67-1, Gord. 09-68-1, Gord. 05-12-7(v), Gord. 08-107-5. The general adaptive ability is close to zero, that shows stability of genotypes in external environment. Specific adaptive ability revealed in the lines: Gord. 10-33-3, Gord. 10-8-4, Gord. 11- 70-7, Gord. 11-77-8, Gord. 11-99-1. The authors highlight the following promising lines according to the experimental results: Gord. 05-12-7(v), Gord. 08-107-5, Gord. 09-68-1, Gord. 08-67-1. Selection assessment of promising lines was carried out on the indicators of grain quality and disease resistance. The following parameters are seen as good quality indicators at the Gord line 11-70-7: weight of 1000 grains is 49.75 g and high resistance to stem rust (6%). According to the quality of grain and weight of 1000 grains, Gord. line 09-68-1 is better than Zhemchuzhina Sibiri, affection of brown and stem rust is minimal that is interesting for selection procedures. The following varieties are valuable from the point of view of breeding, stability of genotype, high productivity, quality of grain and pasta and resistance to disease: Gord. 05-12-7(v), Gord. 08-107-5, Gord. 09-68-1, Gord. 08-67-1, Gord. 11-70-7, Gord. 11-99-1.Полевые исследования выполнялись в 2018–2019 гг на базе селекционного севооборота лаборатории селекции твердой пшеницы ФГБНУ «Омский АНЦ», а также на опорном пункте семеноводства в степной зоне в поселке Новоуральский Таврического района Омской области. Опыты в обоих экологических пунктах были заложены по чистому пару. Площадь делянок 10 м², повторность четырехкратная, размещение рендомизированное. Погодные условия в течение вегетационного периода 2018 г. отличались контрастностью как по осадкам, так и по температурному режиму. Формирование зерна происходило в конце августа - начале сентября, что во многом повлияло на качество зерна. В 2019 г. сложились нетипичные метеорологические условия: благоприятные в первый период вегетации и засушливые – во второй (поволжский тип засухи). Проведена оценка продуктивности линий твердой пшеницы по адаптивной способности и стабильности. Представлены научные данные по показателям качества зерна и устойчивости к болезням. Урожайность линий твёрдой пшеницы значительно варьировала в зависимости от агроклиматических условий года и фона выращивания. Лучшие условия для роста и развития генотипов сложились в южной лесостепной зоне Омска, максимальная урожайность отмечена у линий Горд. 08-67-1, Горд. 09-68-1, Горд. 05-12-7(в), Горд. 08-107-5. По всем изученным линиям общая адаптивная способность близка к нулю, что показывает стабильность генотипов во внешней среде. Специфическая адаптивная способность выявлена у линий Горд. 10-33-3, Горд. 10-8-4, Горд. 11- 70-7, Горд. 11-77-8, Горд. 11-99-1. По результатам исследования выделены перспективные линии: Горд. 05-12-7(в), Горд. 08-107-5, Горд. 09-68-1, Горд. 08-67-1. Селекционная оценка перспективных линий проводилась по показателям качества зерна и устойчивости к болезням. Хорошие показатели качества у линии Горд. 11-70-7: масса 1000 зёрен 49,75 г, высокая устойчивость к стеблевой ржавчине (6%). Линия Горд. 09-68-1 по качеству зерна и массе 1000 зёрен лучше сорта Жемчужина Сибири, поражаемость бурой и стеблевой ржавчиной минимальна, что перспективно для селекционной работы. Представляют селекционную ценность, сочетая стабильность генотипа, высокую продуктивность, качество зерна и макарон, устойчивость к болезням, линии: Горд. 05-12-7(в), Горд. 08-107-5, Горд. 09-68-1, Горд. 08-67-1, Горд. 11-70-7, Горд. 11-99-1