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    ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫЕ Π˜ΠΠ‘Π£Π›Π¬Π’Π« Π£ Π‘ΠžΠ›Π¬ΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ Π’Π˜Π§-Π˜ΠΠ€Π•ΠšΠ¦Π˜Π•Π™

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    Introduction. In patients with HIV infection frequency lesions of the nervous system stage in second place after the immune system, at the same time, strokes account for 1–5% of all lesions of the nervous system in HIV infection. The incidence of strokes in people under the age of 45 with AIDS is 10 times higher than in general population of people at the same age. Supposed that theΒ role of HIV-associated vasculopathy and opportunistic infections is increasing the risk of stroke. The purpose of the study was toΒ study features course of stroke in patients with HIV infection, hospitalized to vascular centers, depending on the type of stroke andΒ identifications risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). Materials and methods. Studies were conducted in 73 patientsΒ with stroke, hospitalized for emergency reasons in vascular centers of St. Petersburg. In 33 (45,2%) patients was identified HIVΒ infection, average age 49Β±11 years (group 1); 40 (54,8%) people without HIV infection, average age 49Β±7 years made up groupΒ 2. Depending on the type of stroke, hemorrhagic (HS) or ischemic stroke (IS), groups 1 and 2 were divided into subgroups. AllΒ patients were examined according to сase management program, which provides clinical, laboratory, neuroradiological, ultrasoundΒ research methods. HIV-infection was identified by laboratory research methods β€” ELISA and immunoblotting with determinationΒ of antigens and antibodies to HIV. Stages of HIV infection were determined according to the classification of V. I. Pokrovsky in aΒ modification of the Federal scientific and methodological center for the prevention and control of AIDS. Results. This study was toΒ identify the prevalence in group 1 proportion of patients with 3rd stage of HIV infection. Hemorrhagic stroke in the 1st group wasΒ characterized by a meningeal syndrome and thrombocytopenia, ischemic stroke (IS) β€” headache syndrome, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased ESR, ALT and AST enzymes, and smaller proportion of cardioembolic strokes, also insignificant regressionΒ compared neurological symptoms in patients without HIV infection (p&lt;0,05). Conclusion. The most significant risk factors ofΒ CeVD in patients with HIV infected are diseases of the cardiovascular system with a smaller proportion of patients with coronaryΒ heart disease in patients with IS and cerebral arteriosclerosis. We can assume a significant role of the pathogenic effect HIV onΒ hemostatic system and vascular endothelium, on increasing the risk of developing vascular accidents in patients with HIV infection. Smaller regression of neurological symptoms and hard course of disease in HIV infection associated with secondary opportunistic diseases, co-infections, late hospital admissions, hemostasiological disorders and in most cases the absence of HAART.Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ частота пораТСния Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы стоит Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ мСстС послС ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы, ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΒ ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кровообращСния (ОНМК) приходится 1–5% всСх ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ.Β Π’ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ† ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ 45 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ со Π‘ΠŸΠ˜Π”ΠΎΠΌ Π² 10 Ρ€Π°Π· Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ популяции Ρƒ Π»ΠΈΡ† Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ возраста.Β ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π’Π˜Π§-ассоциированной васкулопатии ΠΈ оппортунистичСских ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ рисков Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°. ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ особСнностСй тСчСния ОНМК Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² спСциализированныС сосудистыС  Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹, Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π° ΠΈ выявлСниС Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска Π¦Π’Π—. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ИсслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρƒ 73 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ОНМК, госпитализированных ΠΏΠΎ экстрСнным показаниям Π² сосудистыС Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹Β Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π°. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ 1 вошли 33 (45,2%) Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (срСдний возраст 49Β±11 Π»Π΅Ρ‚), Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° выявлСна Π’Π˜Π§-инфСкция; 40 (54,8%) Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ (срСдний возраст 49Β±7 Π»Π΅Ρ‚) Π±Π΅Π· Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ составили Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ 2. Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π° β€” гСморрагичСский (Π“Π˜) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ (ИИ) β€” Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ 1 ΠΈ 2 Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. ВсС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ обслСдовались Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΒ  ΠΏΠΎ вСдСнию Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с ОНМК, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ клиничСскиС, Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅,Β  нСйрорадиологичСскиС, ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования. Π’Π˜Π§-инфСкция ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования β€”Β Π˜Π€Π ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ с ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π» ΠΊ Π’Π˜Π§. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² соотвСтствии с классификациСй Π’. И. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-мСтодичСского Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΎΒ Π‘ΠŸΠ˜Π”ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования. ВыявлСно ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 1 Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с 3 стадиСй Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΒ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 1 Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ симптомокомплСкс ΠΈ тромбоцитопСния, Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ИИ — цСфалгичСский синдром, лимфопСния, тромбоцитопСния, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ БОЭ, Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² АЛВ ΠΈ АБВ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ мСньшая доля  кардиоэмболичСских ΠΈΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ рСгрСсс нСврологичСских симптомов ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (Ρ€&lt;0,05). Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ риска цСрСброваскулярных Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π¦Π’Π—) Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉΒ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ заболСвания сСрдСчно-сосудистой систСмы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ мСньшСй Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π˜Π‘Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ИИ, атСросклСроз Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сосудов. Π’Π˜Π§, оказывая ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β  дСйствиС Π½Π° систСму гСмостаза ΠΈ эндотСлий сосудов, ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ риска развития сосудистых катастроф Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. МСньший рСгрСсс нСврологичСской симптоматики ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ тяТСлоС тСчСниС заболСвания ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ обусловлСны Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ оппортунистичСскими заболСваниями, коинфСкциями, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ сроками госпитализации Π² стационар, гСмостазиологичСскими Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ случаСв β€” отсутствиСм АРВВ.</span

    Stenting of precerebral arteries in acute period of ischemic stroke

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    OBJECTIVE. The study aimed to raise an efficacy of motor functions after stenting of precerebral arteries in acute period of ischemic stroke in patients of elderly and senile age. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Treatment efficacy was assessed according to dynamics of neurological status, data of duplex scanning of brachiocephalic vessels, index of mobility Β«RivermedΒ», scale Β«BartelΒ» in 30 patients. RESULTS. Stenting of precerebral arteries in acute period of ischemic stroke facilitated to regress of motor disorders and normalized cerebral hemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS. Stenting is an alternative method to carotid endarterectomy. This approach should be applied in patients with expressed carotid stenosis in combination with accompanied diseases and high surgical risk

    Relationship of psychoalgological status and results of neurosurgical treatment of patients with discogenic radiculopathy

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    The OBJECTIVE was to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with discogenic radiculopathy by preoperative neuropsychological examination of patients with an increased risk of unsatisfactory outcome of the operation.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Neuropsychological status of 77 patients with discogenic radiculopathy in the preoperative period was studied. For this purpose, we assessed the intensity of pain, levels of personal and situational anxiety and the presence and severity of depression. The obtained data were compared with postoperative results of quality of life assessment for the main parameters, which include the level of pain and adaptation to daily activities.RESULTS. Data from neuropsychological tests were revealed, the presence of which in patients with discogenic pain syndrome suggests the risk of an unsatisfactory assessment of the operation performed by the patient. According to the long-term results of neurosurgical treatment, patients were divided into three groups: 1 – with a good result; 2 – patients with a number of preserved complaints, who rated the result of the operation as satisfactory; 3 – unsatisfactory outcome. In patients with unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment of discogenic radiculopathies with pain syndrome, patterns of psychological indices were found that were significantly associated with the outcome of treatment.CONCLUSION. Conducting a neuropsychological examination prior to surgery with the identification of predictors of chronic discogenic pain and patient dissatisfaction with the results of treatment can influence the surgical tactics and optimize the process of further treatment
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