BER degradation of MC-CDMA at high SNR with MMSE equalization and residual frequency offset

Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is an attractive technique for high speed wireless data transmission in view of its advantages over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. In this paper, we analyze the performance of fully loaded downlink MC-CDMA systems with minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer in the presence of residual frequency offset (RFO) in multipath Rayleigh fading channels. We first show that as the SNR is increased beyond a value, referred as threshold SNR, the performance degrades. We then analyze the cause for this behavior and propose a remedy to prevent the degradation by regularizing the coefficient(s) of the equalizer, and use the regularized equalizer for SNRs beyond the threshold value. We suggest two methods for estimating this SNR, one gives close to the true value but requires the knowledge of RFO and the channel state information (CSI), while the other gives an approximate value but requires only CSI. We show that the regularization based on the approximate value also prevents the degradation, but the performance at higher SNRs is slightly poorer compared to that with the better estimate. Numerical and simulation results are provided to support the analysis

Spatial smoothing with uniform circular arrays

In this paper, we extend and analyse spatial smoothing with uniform circular arrays (UCA's). In particular, we study the performance of the Root-MUSIC with smoothing in the presence of correlated sources, finite data perturbations and errors in transformed steering vector that arise due to some approximations made to enable the extension of the Root-MUSIC and smoothing to UCA. Expressions are derived for the asymptotic performance of the Root-MUSIC with smoothing applied to the transformed UCA data. An attempt has been made to bring out the impact of both forward and forward-backward smoothing. Computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the analysis

Incidence of infected hardware removal in oral and maxillofacial region

Maxillofacial fractures are typically treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Open reduction and internal fixation can be complicated by hardware exposure or infection. The literature often does not differentiate between these 2 entities; so for this study, we have considered all hardware exposures as hardware infections. Approximately 5% of adults with CMF trauma are thought to develop hardware infections. Management consists of either removing the hardware versus leaving it in situ. To evaluate the incidence of infected hardware removal in the maxillofacial region. A retrospective hospital based study,patients undergone for plate removal [hardware] where taken by analyzing and reviewing 86000 patients record ,and searched for chief complaint,patient complaining of pain ,swelling were noted and entered in Our study noted that 22 patients had undergone the hardware removal out of which 68% were symptomatic.18%were plate exposure.13%were according to patients will.:Management of hardware removal needs to be done in sequential and consistent manner in order to bring better outcome.From the data available the incidence of infected hardware removal is relatively lo

EXPEDIENCY OF MARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY SEQUELAE TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

ABSTRACTObjective: Estimation of Cystatin C (Cys C), traditional markers, inflammatory, and endothelial cell activation markers can identify subjects who areat increased risk for future acute kidney injury (AKI) after diabetes.Methods: A total of 210 subjects, having 70 subjects in each group between the age group of 45-75 years were enrolled in our study.Results: Body mass index (BMI), obesity index, waist circumference, and waist–hip ratio higher in Group III and Group II compared to Group I with asignificant p<0.001. All the biochemical parameters were significantly higher in Group III compared to Group I and Group II with a narrow differencebetween Group III and Group II. Serum Cys C was significantly correlated with creatinine and NO. Whereas serum creatinine (SCr) shows strongpositive correlation with BMI, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, NO, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) andtriglycerides show inverse relation to creatinine with a significant p-value. The serum Cys C showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950 with acutoff value of 1.06, SCr with an AUC of 0.617, and eGFR with AUC of 0.588.Conclusion: Elevated levels of biomarker Cys C, SCr, and albumin-creatinine ratio are predictors of AKI in the setting of diabetes. Baseline inflammatoryand endothelial activation markers may also be useful for predicting future risk of AKI in diabetes mellitus. Hopefully, the advent of new biomarkerswill help defining the kidney at risk rather than relying simply on creatinine. To date, none of the new AKI biomarkers have undergone a similarrigorous assessment, but the current progress will hopefully lead to success and ultimately to improvement in patient outcome.Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Acute kidney injury, Biomarkers, Inflammation, Endothelium

Numerical simulation of the sensitivity of summer monsoon circulation and rainfall over india to land surface processes

The influence of soil moisture and vegetation variation on simulation of monsoon circulation and rainfall is investigated. For this purpose a simple land surface parameterization scheme is incorporated in a three-dimensional regional high resolution nested grid atmospheric model. Based on the land surface parameterization scheme, latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are explicitly estimated over the entire domain of the model. Two sensitivity studies are conducted; one with bare dry soil conditions (no latent heat flux from land surface) and the other with realistic representation of the land surface parameters such as soil moisture, vegetation cover and landuse patterns in the numerical simulation. The sensitivity of main monsoon features such as Somali jet, monsoon trough and tropical easterly jet to land surface processes are discussed. Results suggest the necessity of including a detailed land surface parameterization in the realistic short-range weather numerical predictions. An enhanced short-range prediction of hydrological cycle including precipitation was produced by the model, with land surface processes parameterized. This parameterization appears to simulate all the main circulation features associated with the summer monsoon in a realistic manner

Optimal placement of Femto base stations in enterprise femtocell networks

Femto cells a.k.a. Low Power Nodes (LPNs) are deployed to improve indoor data rates as well as reduce traffic load on macro Base Stations (BSs) in 4G/LTE cellular networks. Indoor UEs getting high SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) can experience good throughput, but SNR decreases at faster rate due to obstacles, present along the communication path. Hence, efficient placement of Femtos in enterprise buildings is crucial to attain desirable SNR for indoor users. We consider obstacles and shadowing effects by walls and include them in the system model. We develop a Linear Programming Problem (LPP) model by converting convex constraints into linear ones and solve it using GAMS tool, to place Femtos optimally inside the building. Our extensive experimentation proves the optimal placement of Femtos achieves 14.41% and 35.95% increase in SNR of indoor UEs over random and center placement strategies, respectively

ELEVATED-CONTROL MASS DUAL OVERPASS MODEL TO ACHIEVE SOFT SWITCHING

The 3-phase DAB is examined in regards to the current times, the output power, and soft switching region, such as the impact of zero-current switching capacitors. This paper offers an analysis of the three-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology utilized as high-power-density electricity-electricity ripper tools for railway applications. A prototype using the specifications acquired in the application continues to be built, yielding efficiency in a nominal output power 80kW. In addition, two measures are suggested to attain soft-switching within the entire operating range, being auxiliary inductors along with a straightforward switching strategy known as the burst mode. Optimal component values are calculated to reduce losses within the complete operating range and also to assess which measure is most effective

INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE IN RECYCLING THE FOUNDRY SAND FOR MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY

Within the concrete industry the need for ecological censure is high. Use of manufacturing by-items including foundry sand, Metakaolin, silica flume and cylinder can result in considerable enhancements within overall industry energy-efficiency and ecological functionality. The intake of all kind of aggregates is becoming growing recently practically in many nations for a price significantly outperforming that suggested using the increase cost within their economic climate or perhaps their development companies. The goal from the experimental Program is always to compare the specific of qualities concrete used foundry sand combined with and without silica fume together with Metakaolin, utilized as extra cementing items. The various tests transported on concrete samples are talked about within this chapter, along with description in relation to mixture proportion design together with curing procedure adopted. Following concrete qualities are getting been talked about: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and Flexural strength of concrete. Foundry industry use top quality different sizing silica sand for molding and casting process

Gender preferences among antenatal women: a cross-sectional study from coastal South India

Background: A balanced sex ratio is essential for a stable society.Objective: The main objective of the present research was to study the perceptions of women attending the antenatal care (ANC) facility regarding their gender preferences and family composition.Method: In this cross-sectional study 132 antenatal women were interviewed in their preferred language using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. The collected information was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 27.2 ± 4.1 years. The majority of the antenatal women (60.6%, n=80) did not have any gender preferences. Among those who had a gender preference (39.4%, n=52), male and female preference was reported by 55.7% (n=29) and 44.3% (n=23) of the participants respectively. The overall son preference index was observed to be 1.3. No consistent relationship could be established between the socio-demographic factors and the preference for gender. The mean preferred family size in our study was 1.85±0.531 and more than half of the participants had a balanced gender preference. The majority of the participants were aware that the adverse sex ratio can lead to fall in the number of brides and that it would bring about a social imbalance.Conclusion: As a developed society we need to ensure that both the genders get equal respect and are free from any sort of preferences and prejudices. To achieve this, more and more people need to be made aware of the consequences of gender imbalance and adverse sex ratio in a society.Keywords: Gender preferences; family composition; antenatal women; coastal South Indi