Weak Boson Production Amplitude Zeros; Equalities of the Helicity Amplitudes

We investigate the radiation amplitude zeros exhibited by many Standard Model amplitudes for triple weak gauge boson production processes. We show that $WZ\gamma$ production amplitudes have especially rich structure in terms of zeros, these amplitudes have zeros originating from several different sources. It is also shown that TYPE I current null zone is the special case of the equality of the specific helicity amplitudes.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures, 2 table

Immunological efficacy and tolerability of vaccination in patients with noncommunicable diseases

Aim. To study the efficacy and tolerability of Sputnik V vaccination in patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compared with healthy individuals.Material and methods. The retrospective analysis included data from 800 men and women aged 18 to 90 who were vaccinated from February to May 2021 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac, Russia), consisting of two doses, was used as a vaccine. The mean age of the patients was 50,46±13,16 years. Patients were questioned in two stages: before vaccination and after the first dose of vaccination. The following clinical and paraclinical investigations were carried out: saturation assessment, measurement of temperature, blood pressure and heart rate at rest, pharynx examination, auscultation of the heart and respiratory organs. The blood concentration of antibodies (IgM and IgG) was determined after 21 days and 42 days. For analysis, patients were divided into three groups. The first group included healthy individuals (n=238, 29,8%), the second group — patients with one NCD (n=385, 48,1%), and the third group — patients with two or more NCDs (n=177, 22,1%).Results. The sex composition was comparable in all three groups, while the mean age differed. In the first group, the mean age was 43,93±10,80 years, while in the second and third groups — 50,51±12,55 and 59,12±12,37 years, respectively (p<0,001). Statistical analysis was performed with adjustment for age and sex. The median blood concentration of immunoglobulin G of vaccinated individuals of the cohort after 21 days was within 4,60 [2,00; 8,40]. A comparative analysis of the groups did not reveal significant differences. After 42 days, the median concentration of immunoglobulin G increased by 4 times, which is significant (p<0,001) and amounted to 16,20 [15,80; 16,40]. In the group of healthy individuals, the concentration of immunoglobulin G was significantly higher compared to groups of individuals with one, as well as two or more NCDs. Forty-two days after vaccination, the concentration of immunoglobulin M both in the cohort and in individual groups did not change significantly compared to the level after 21 days. In addition, 47%, 38% and 40% of participants from the first, second and third groups, respectively, reported some symptoms. A temperature increase on average was detected in 13% of vaccinated individuals. The largest number of persons with fever was registered in the group of healthy individuals — 19%, in the group of patients with one NCD — 14%, and in the group with two or more diseases, the temperature increase was the lowest and amounted to 3% (p<0,001). After the first dose, 18,6% of patients reported taking additional drugs as follows: first group — 23,9%, second group — 15,1%, third group — 19,2%. These are mainly analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antihistamine drugs.Conclusion. Vaccination with Sputnik V increases the immunoglobulin G level in the blood after 42 days by four times compared to after 21 days. This pattern is observed both in the group of healthy individuals and in patients with one, two or more chronic NCDs. Tolerability of vaccination in all groups was comparable and did not lead to visits to healthcare facilities

One-step isolation and biochemical characterization of a highlyactive plant PSII monomeric core

We describe a one-step detergent solubilization protocol for isolating a highly active form of Photosystem II (PSII) from Pisum sativum L. Detailed characterization of the preparation showed that the complex was a monomer having no light harvesting proteins attached. This core reaction centre complex had, however, a range of low molecular mass intrinsic proteins as well as the chlorophyll binding proteins CP43 and CP47 and the reaction centre proteins D1 and D2. Of particular note was the presence of a stoichiometric level of PsbW, a low molecular weight protein not present in PSII of cyanobacteria. Despite the high oxygen evolution rate, the core complex did not retain the PsbQ extrinsic protein although there was close to a full complement of PsbO and PsbR and partial level of PsbP. However, reconstitution of PsbP and PsbPQ was possible. The presence of PsbP in absence of LHCII and other chlorophyll a/b binding proteins confirms that LHCII proteins are not a strict requirement for the assembly of this extrinsic polypeptide to the PSII core in contrast with the conclusion of Caffarri et al. (2009)

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60C(3)F(8) Bubble Chamber

[EN] New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C3F8 located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C3F8 exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than one event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4 x 10(-41) cm(2) for a 30-GeVc(-2) WIMP, more than 1 order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results.The PICO Collaboration wishes to thank SNOLAB and its staff for support through underground space, logistical, and technical services. SNOLAB operations are supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Province of Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, with underground access provided by Vale at the Creighton mine site. We are grateful to Kristian Hahn and Stanislava Sevova of Northwestern University and Bjorn Penning of the University of Bristol for their assistance and useful discussion. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for funding. We acknowledge the support from National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants No. 0919526, No. 1506337, No. 1242637, and No. 1205987). We acknowledge that this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics (under Award No. DE-SC-0012161), by a DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award, by Direccion General Asuntos del Personal Academico, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM) through the grant Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT) No. IA100316 and by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) (Mexico) through Grant No. 252167, by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), the Government of India, under the Center of AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Grant No. LM2015072), and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Consolider MultiDark (Grant No. CSD2009-00064). This work is partially supported by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through NSF Grant No. 1125897, and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. We also wish to acknowledge the support from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. We also thank Compute Canada and the Center for Advanced Computing, ACENET, Calcul Quebec, Compute Ontario, and WestGrid for the computational support.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Arnquist, I.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bhattacharjee, P.... (2017). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60C(3)F(8) Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters. 118(25). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.251301S11825Olive, K. A. (2014). Review of Particle Physics. 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Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 48(1), 495-545. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101659Aubin, F., Auger, M., Genest, M.-H., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Faust, R., … Storey, C. (2008). Discrimination of nuclear recoils from alpha particles with superheated liquids. New Journal of Physics, 10(10), 103017. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/103017Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2015). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2LC3F8Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 114(23). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.231302Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., … Brice, S. J. (2016). Improved dark matter search results from PICO-2L Run 2. Physical Review D, 93(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.061101Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2016). Dark matter search results from the PICO-60CF3Ibubble chamber. Physical Review D, 93(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.052014Behnke, E., Behnke, J., Brice, S. J., Broemmelsiek, D., Collar, J. I., … Conner, A. (2012). First dark matter search results from a 4-kgCF3Ibubble chamber operated in a deep underground site. Physical Review D, 86(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.052001Behnke, E., Behnke, J., Brice, S. J., Broemmelsiek, D., Collar, J. I., … Cooper, P. S. (2011). Improved Limits on Spin-Dependent WIMP-Proton Interactions from a Two LiterCF3IBubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 106(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.021303Archambault, S., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhattacharya, S., Dai, X., Das, M., … Zacek, V. (2012). Constraints on low-mass WIMP interactions on 19F from PICASSO. Physics Letters B, 711(2), 153-161. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.03.078Behnke, E., Besnier, M., Bhattacharjee, P., Dai, X., Das, M., Davour, A., … Zacek, V. (2017). Final results of the PICASSO dark matter search experiment. Astroparticle Physics, 90, 85-92. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.02.005Felizardo, M., Girard, T. A., Morlat, T., Fernandes, A. C., Ramos, A. R., Marques, J. G., … Marques, R. (2014). The SIMPLE Phase II dark matter search. Physical Review D, 89(7). doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.072013Agostinelli, S., Allison, J., Amako, K., Apostolakis, J., Araujo, H., Arce, P., … Barrand, G. (2003). Geant4—a simulation toolkit. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 506(3), 250-303. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8Allison, J., Amako, K., Apostolakis, J., Araujo, H., Arce Dubois, P., Asai, M., … Chytracek, R. (2006). Geant4 developments and applications. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 53(1), 270-278. doi:10.1109/tns.2006.869826Lewin, J. D., & Smith, P. F. (1996). Review of mathematics, numerical factors, and corrections for dark matter experiments based on elastic nuclear recoil. Astroparticle Physics, 6(1), 87-112. doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(96)00047-3Fitzpatrick, A. L., Haxton, W., Katz, E., Lubbers, N., & Xu, Y. (2013). The effective field theory of dark matter direct detection. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2013(02), 004-004. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/004Anand, N., Fitzpatrick, A. L., & Haxton, W. C. (2014). Weakly interacting massive particle-nucleus elastic scattering response. Physical Review C, 89(6). doi:10.1103/physrevc.89.065501Gresham, M. I., & Zurek, K. M. (2014). Effect of nuclear response functions in dark matter direct detection. Physical Review D, 89(12). doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.123521Gluscevic, V., Gresham, M. I., McDermott, S. D., Peter, A. H. G., & Zurek, K. M. (2015). Identifying the theory of dark matter with direct detection. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2015(12), 057-057. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/057Fu, C., Cui, X., Zhou, X., Chen, X., Chen, Y., … Fang, D. (2017). Spin-Dependent Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particle–Nucleon Cross Section Limits from First Data of PandaX-II Experiment. Physical Review Letters, 118(7). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.071301Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Ansseau, I. (2017). Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data. The European Physical Journal C, 77(3). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4689-9Tanaka, T., Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Iida, T., Kameda, J., Koshio, Y., … Nakahata, M. (2011). AN INDIRECT SEARCH FOR WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES IN THE SUN USING 3109.6 DAYS OF UPWARD-GOING MUONS IN SUPER-KAMIOKANDE. The Astrophysical Journal, 742(2), 78. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/742/2/78Choi, K., Abe, K., Haga, Y., Hayato, Y., Iyogi, K., Kameda, J., … Nakahata, M. (2015). Search for Neutrinos from Annihilation of Captured Low-Mass Dark Matter Particles in the Sun by Super-Kamiokande. Physical Review Letters, 114(14). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.141301Roszkowski, L., Austri, R. R. de, & Trotta, R. (2007). Implications for the Constrained MSSM from a new prediction forb→sγ. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2007(07), 075-075. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/07/075Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., … Boulton, E. M. (2016). Results on the Spin-Dependent Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles on Nucleons from the Run 3 Data of the LUX Experiment. Physical Review Letters, 116(16). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.161302Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., … Bauermeister, B. (2016). XENON100 dark matter results from a combination of 477 live days. Physical Review D, 94(12). doi:10.1103/physrevd.94.122001Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2016). Limits on dark matter annihilation in the sun using the ANTARES neutrino telescope. 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Data-driven modeling of electron recoil nucleation in PICO C3F8 bubble chambers

[EN] The primary advantage of moderately superheated bubble chamber detectors is their simultaneous sensitivity to nuclear recoils from weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter and insensitivity to electron recoil backgrounds. A comprehensive analysis of PICO gamma calibration data demonstrates for the first time that electron recoils in C3F8 scale in accordance with a new nucleation mechanism, rather than one driven by a hot spike as previously supposed. Using this semiempirical model, bubble chamber nucleation thresholds may be tuned to be sensitive to lower energy nuclear recoils while maintaining excellent electron recoil rejection. The PICO-40L detector will exploit this model to achieve thermodynamic thresholds as low as 2.8 keV while being dominated by single-scatter events from coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of solar neutrinos. In one year of operation, PICO-401, can improve existing leading limits from PICO on spin-dependent WIMP-proton coupling by nearly an order of magnitude for WIMP masses greater than 3 GeV c(-2) and will have the ability to surpass all existing non-xenon bounds on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon coupling for WIMP masses from 3 to 40 GeV c(-2).The PICO Collaboration wishes to thank SNOLAB and its staff for support through underground space, logistical and technical services. SNOLAB operations are supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Province of Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, with underground access provided by Vale at the Creighton mine site. We wish to acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for funding. We acknowledge the support from National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grants No. 0919526, No. 1506337, No. 1242637, No. 1205987, and No. 1806722). We acknowledge that this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics (under Award No. DE-SC-0012161), by DGAPA-UNAM (PAPIIT No. IA100118) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, M¿exico, Grants No. 252167 and No. A1-S-8960), by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India, under the Centre for AstroParticle Physics II project (CAPP-II) at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), European Regional Development Fund¿Project ¿Engineering Applications of Microworld Physics¿ (Project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/ 16_019/0000766), and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Red Consolider MultiDark, Grant No. FPA2017-90566-REDC). This work is partially supported by the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago through NSF Grant No. 1125897, and an endowment from the Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli. We also wish to acknowledge the support from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05- 76RL01830. We also thank Compute Canada [75] and the Center for Advanced Computing, ACENET, Calcul Qu¿ebec, Compute Ontario, and WestGrid for computational support.Amole, C.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Arnquist, I.; Asner, DM.; Baxter, D.; Behnke, E.; Bressler, M.... (2019). Data-driven modeling of electron recoil nucleation in PICO C3F8 bubble chambers. Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology. 100(8):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.082006S1181008Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., … Chen, C. J. (2019). Dark matter search results from the complete exposure of the PICO-60 C3F8 bubble chamber. Physical Review D, 100(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.022001Agnese, R., Anderson, A. J., Aramaki, T., Arnquist, I., Baker, W., Barker, D., … Bowles, M. A. (2017). Projected sensitivity of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment. Physical Review D, 95(8). doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.082002Amaudruz, P.-A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., … Broerman, B. (2018). First Results from the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search with Argon at SNOLAB. Physical Review Letters, 121(7). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.071801Arnaud, Q., Asner, D., Bard, J.-P., Brossard, A., Cai, B., Chapellier, M., … Zampaolo, M. (2018). First results from the NEWS-G direct dark matter search experiment at the LSM. Astroparticle Physics, 97, 54-62. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.10.009Aguilar-Arevalo, A., Amidei, D., Bertou, X., Butner, M., Cancelo, G., … Castañeda Vázquez, A. (2016). Search for low-mass WIMPs in a 0.6 kg day exposure of the DAMIC experiment at SNOLAB. Physical Review D, 94(8). doi:10.1103/physrevd.94.082006Aalseth, C. E., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., … Ardito, R. (2018). DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS. The European Physical Journal Plus, 133(3). doi:10.1140/epjp/i2018-11973-4Jungman, G., Kamionkowski, M., & Griest, K. (1996). Supersymmetric dark matter. Physics Reports, 267(5-6), 195-373. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00058-5Bertone, G., Hooper, D., & Silk, J. (2005). Particle dark matter: evidence, candidates and constraints. Physics Reports, 405(5-6), 279-390. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.031Feng, J. L. (2010). Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 48(1), 495-545. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101659Duncan, F., Noble, A. J., & Sinclair, D. (2010). The Construction and Anticipated Science of SNOLAB. 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Il Nuovo Cimento A, 107(2), 291-298. doi:10.1007/bf02781560Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2016). Dark matter search results from the PICO-60CF3Ibubble chamber. Physical Review D, 93(5). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.052014Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., … Campion, P. (2017). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO−60 C3F8 Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 118(25). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.251301Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., … Brice, S. J. (2016). Improved dark matter search results from PICO-2L Run 2. Physical Review D, 93(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.061101Amole, C., Ardid, M., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., … Broemmelsiek, D. (2015). Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2LC3F8Bubble Chamber. Physical Review Letters, 114(23). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.231302Hasert, F. 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The Power Board of the KM3NeT Digital Optical Module: design, upgrade, and production

The KM3NeT Collaboration is building an underwater neutrino observatory at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea consisting of two neutrino telescopes, both composed of a three-dimensional array of light detectors, known as digital optical modules. Each digital optical module contains a set of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes distributed over the surface of a 0.44 m diameter pressure-resistant glass sphere. The module includes also calibration instruments and electronics for power, readout and data acquisition. The power board was developed to supply power to all the elements of the digital optical module. The design of the power board began in 2013, and several prototypes were produced and tested. After an exhaustive validation process in various laboratories within the KM3NeT Collaboration, a mass production batch began, resulting in the construction of over 1200 power boards so far. These boards were integrated in the digital optical modules that have already been produced and deployed, 828 until October 2023. In 2017, an upgrade of the power board, to increase reliability and efficiency, was initiated. After the validation of a pre-production series, a production batch of 800 upgraded boards is currently underway. This paper describes the design, architecture, upgrade, validation, and production of the power board, including the reliability studies and tests conducted to ensure the safe operation at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea throughout the observatory's lifespa