On the measurement of market-oriented reforms

This paper presents policy- and outcome-based ways of measuring the progress of market-oriented reforms in both traditional areas of first-generation reform and the areas of institutional reform that have been emphasized lately. These policy areas are the domestic financial system; international financial markets; international trade; the labor market; the tax system; public infrastructure and public firms; the legal and regulatory framework; and governance. For each of them, first, we discuss the general principles underlying market-oriented reform; second, we present various indicators of the policy stance in the area in question; and third, we present various outcome indicators of the policy stance.Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT

Three different approaches to the same interaction: the Yukawa model in nuclear physics

After a brief discussion of the meaning of the potential in quantum mechanics, we examine the results of the Yukawa model (scalar meson exchange) for the nucleon-nucleon interaction in three different dynamical frameworks: the non-relativistic dynamics of the Schrodinger equation, the relativistic quantum mechanics of the Bethe-Salpeter and Light-Front equations and the lattice solution of the Quantum Field Theory, obtained in the quenched approximation.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Dedicated to Professor Henryk Witala at the occasion of his 60th birthday. Submitted in Few-Body System

Optical realization of nonlinear quantum dynamics

In a cavity filled with a Kerr medium it is possible to generate the superposition of coherent states, i.e. Schroodinger cat states may be realized in this system. We show that such a medium may be mimicked by the propagation of a conveniently shaped Gaussian beam in a GRIN device. This is attained by introducing a second order correction to the paraxial propagation of the beam. An additional result is that a Gaussian beam propagating in GRIN media, may split into two Gaussian beams

Geographical extrapolation domain analysis: Scaling up watershed management research projects, a toolkit to guide implementation

Funding agencies, research programs, and organizations involved in the implementation of research need to know the potential worldwide impact and applicability of their efforts and investments. The extrapolation domain analysis method (EDA) was developed to produce information about the location, areas, and population potentially influenced by research outputs. This working paper presents detailed steps how to implement an EDA. For a particular research project, it starts with establishing a baseline assessment of the project, and proceeds through data collection, preparation, and similarity modeling concluding with reporting and validation. The guide is designed for users with intermediate knowledge of GIS and Bayesian statistics for a smooth and easy implementation of the method. It also requires the participation of the members of the research project for proper identification of key variables to be used in the process