Анализ причин и структуры острой химической травмы по данным центра лечения острых отравлений города Омска за 2000—2004 годы

The purpose of the present study was to examine the pattern of acute intoxications and to analyze the causes of acute chemical injury in Omsk in the past 5 years. The patients referred for and admitted to the Acute Intoxication Center for acute chemical intoxication were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The study has established that there was an increase in the number of patients referred for and admitted to the Acute Intoxication Center in the period of 2000 to 2004; the main causes of acute chemical injury being unintentional intoxications associated with alcoholization and ingestion of poisonous substances for suicidal purpose and a rise in the incidence of poisonings with narcotics. The study shows it expedient to elaborate a regional programme for the prevention of acute exogenous intoxications in the context of the region’s chemical safety jointly with drug addiction and psychiatric services.Цель настоящего исследования — изучение структуры острых отравлений и анализ причин возникновения острой химической травмы в г. Омске за последние 5 лет. Проведен качественный и количественный анализ обратившихся и госпитализированных больных с острым отравлением химической этиологии в Центр лечения острых отравлений. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что за период с 2000 по 2004 гг. увеличилось количество обратившихся и госпитализированных больных в Центр лечения острых отравлений, основными причинами острой химической травмы стали непреднамеренные отравления с целью алкоголизации и приема ядовитых веществ с суицидальной целью, возросло количество отравлений наркотическими веществами. По результатам исследования целесообразным является создание совместно с наркологической и психиатрической службами региональной программы по профилактике острых экзогенных отравлений в контексте химической безопасности региона

Evaluation of dose to tooth enamel from medical diagnostic X-ray examinations at Mayak PA.

The nuclear workers of the Mayak Production Association had regular check-ups including medical diagnostic X-ray examinations since start of the production lines in 1948. Doses from diagnostic examinations need to be considered in reconstruction of occupational doses of the workers with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of tooth enamel. The numbers and types of examinations of an individual worker can be assessed from the Mayak PA archives but no information was available on doses delivered to teeth by a single specific examination. Of the twenty one applied examination procedures only three affected the teeth, these being X-ray examinations of teeth, skull and cervical spine. For these three kinds of examinations operational procedures and operating modes of X-ray units were compiled from the archive and photon spectra were obtained from a catalog of spectral data for diagnostic X-rays. Entrance doses in air kerma were calculated using the fluence of photon spectra and absorbed dose in tooth enamel for various tooth positions and exposure geometry was then calculated using dose conversion coefficients obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Doses were calculated for examinations in 1948–2000. Except for examination of the skull, absorbed doses in enamel of incisors were found to be about twice as large as in enamel of molars. In the period before 1970 the largest mean absorbed doses in tooth enamel were due to X-ray examination of teeth, with 64 mGy and 34 mGy calculated for incisors and molars, respectively. In the same period the lowest mean doses were due to X-ray examination of the skull, with 11 mGy and 12 mGy calculated for incisors and molars, respectively. In the period from 1970 to 2000, largest mean doses in enamel were due to X-ray examination of cervical spine, with 23 mGy and 12 mGy calculated for incisors and molars, respectively