Респираторные и иммунологические изменения при хроническом диоксиновом воздействии

The results of the immunological examination of 126 people working in the conditions of the constant influence of dioxines and related compounds are cited in the article. Cellular and serum-transferable immunity were assessed with the methods of enzymoimmunoassay and laser flow cytometry. It was determined that firstly the macrophage-neutrophil system is drawn in the process of the rendering harmless of the dioxines. However, all-resorptive action of dioxines brings to the exhaustion of the functional possibilities of the macrophage-neutrophil system and activization of the immunity system functionning on the dioxines neutralization.В работе приводятся результаты клинико-иммунологического обследования 126 рабочих, работающих в условиях постоянного воздействия диоксинов и родственных соединений. Функциональное состояние органов дыхания оценивалось методами компьютерной спирографии с исследованием вязкостного дыхательного сопротивления, фибробронхоскопии. Для анализа иммунного статуса использовали проточную лазерную цитометрию и иммуноферментный анализ. Установлено, что в респираторном тракте развиваются воспалительно-дистрофические изменения, сопровождающиеся функциональными расстройствами; первой в процесс обезвреживания диоксинового ксенобиотика вовлекается макрофагально-нейтрофильная система, однако общерезобтивное действие диоксинов приводит к истощению функциональных возможностей системы макрофагов и нейтрофилов, при этом активизируется действие иммунной системы по нейтрализации диоксинов

Прогнозирование развития профессиональной бронхиальной астмы

The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate risk factors of occupational bronchial asthma (OBA) in nurses.Methods. A new method to predict occurrence of OBA in nurses has been proposed. This method used the approximation and optimization approach and was based on proceeding medical data using scheduled serial numerical experiments for 287 sanitary and technical characteristics of nurse working conditions.Results. According to the results, a group of healthcare providers with the highest incidence of occupational allergic diseases was selected. This group included 222 nurses. A number of OBA risk factors were found including antibiotics, drugs, vaccines, detergents, antiseptics (both with and without chlorine), mold, and paper dust.Conclusion. The approximation and optimization approach for evaluation occupational risk factors in nurses could predict OBA occurrence. This is important for development preventing measures. This study supposed that adherence to occupational safety rules could decrease the risk of OBA.Статья посвящена одной из актуальных проблем здравоохранения и общества в целом – профессиональной бронхиальной астме (ПБА).Цель. Разработка метода оценки факторов риска для прогнозирования развития ПБА у среднего медицинского персонала.Материалы и методы. Предлагается новый подход прогнозирования развития ПБА на примере обработки медицинской информации при аппроксимационно-оптимизационном подходе (АОП) – специально разработанной серии спланированных численных экспериментов на основе оценки 287 санитарно-гигиенических характеристик условий труда среднего медицинского персонала. По результатам исследования выделена группа (n = 222) среднего медицинского персонала (медицинские сестры) – медицинских работников с максимальным числом профессиональных аллергозов.Результаты. Установлено значительное количество производственных факторов риска развития ПБА, среди которых выделены антибактериальные препараты, лекарственные средства, вакцины, моющие средства, антисептики (содержащие и не содержащие хлор), плесневые грибы, бумажная пыль.Заключение. Применение к оценке производственных факторов риска работы медицинских сестер АОП дает возможность прогнозировать развитие ПБА для разработки программ профилактики или определения возможных ее направлений. При исследовании с применением АОП доказано, что риск возникновения ПБА снижается в случае соблюдения правил техники безопасности, аттестации рабочих мест, обеспечения персонала средствами индивидуальной защиты и оснащения материально-технической базы

Respiratory system condition in men working in polychlorinated hydrocarbons production: morphological and functional aspects

Aim. To evaluate functional and morphological changes in respiratory system in patients with chronic exposure to polychlorinated hydrocarbons (PCH). Materials and methods. Group of 268 working men with chronic professional exposure to PCH were followed up for 5 years. Morphofunctional assessment of respiratory system was conducted with the use of bronchoscopy (with a bronchoscope FB-3C Olympus) and brush biopsy. Pulmonary ventilatory function was assessed using Custo-Vit diagnostic system with resistance measurements by the forced oscillation (Rfo) technique. Conclusion. Functional and morphological changes in respiratory system in men with chronic exposure to PCH resulted in development of catarral endobronchitis with transition to atrophic one

The influence of nitinol structure on oxidation features when heated and on corrosion resistance in chloride-containing solutions

Using the methods of differential thermal analysis and voltammetry the authors have studied the influence of grain-subgrain structure of alloys on the basis of nitinol Ti49,5Ni50,5 and Ti50,0Ni47,3Fe2,7 on the laws of their oxidation when heated in air and on corrosion resistance in chloride-containing solutions (0,9 % NaCl, artificial sea water). The alloy with submicrocrystalline structure was prepared by equal-channel angle pressing in 1-3 passages, minimum average size of grain/subgrain achieved 0,25μ. It was shown that decreasing element size of grain/subgrain structure results in reduction of alloy thermal oxidation stability which appears in fall of oxidation begining tempearture, temperatures of achieving process peak rate and full oxidation. When applying electropolishing and ion-beam processing of surface the corrosion resistance is determined to a great extent by surface state but not by alloy bulk structure. Using the mechanical polishing the iron-doped alloy with submicrocrystalline structure is more corrosion resistive than undoped TiNi with coarse-grain structure

FIRST TIME EXPERIMENTAL IMPLANTING OF LOCALLY DEVELOPED LEFT ATRIUM OCCLUDERS

Aim. To develop and preclinically test an occluder of the left atrium appendage (LAA) in experiment on big animals, as prevention treatment of ischemic strokes.Material and methods. The study was done on the pigs “big white” breed, n=7, mass 98±4 kg. The locally Russian-made device and placement equipment were used. The length of occluder itself, packed, is48 mm, opened — 28-32 mm and diameter 31-35 mm. The occluder was placed into LAA via puncture of femoral vein and interatrial septum under x-ray and ulltrasound control. After implanting of the occluder, during 16 weeks the behavior and appetite of animals were controlled. In prospective study the blood was collected for inflammatory response control, and ultrasound examination of the heart. Controls were 3 swings. In 16 weeks the animals were withdrawn from experiment for morpho-functional investigation of the heart. For cytotoxicity study, histology was done of limphatic nodes, liver and kidneys.Results. By ultrasound imaging it was shown that occluder placement did not significantly influence hemodynamics of animals. Blood tests showed nonsignificant changes during the first weeks after surgery, with normalized values in 12 weeks. Autopsy and microscopy did not show significant inflammatory and degenerative changes in the heart, as in internal organs. There was satisfactory “ingrowth” of the occluder with smooth plain surface of endocardium from the side of the left atrium.Conclusion. The experience of occluder preclinical test showed its construction and functional effectiveness for the aim of further usage in patients with high risk of cardioembolic strokes due to LAA thrombosis. The procedure of occluder implanting is simple if the personnel is skilled enough and there is proper equipment