The development of purifying technology of process waters of gas condensate field from methanol

The possibility in principle of methanol deep catalytic oxidation in water up to MPC has been confirmed by gas chromatography method. Oxidation process of methanol contained in vat residue after regeneration stage in concentrations of 1, 5 wt. % and less, at metal oxide catalysts at Al2O3 is considered. The basic flow diagram of closed technological cycle of methanol extraction from process waters of gas condensate fields is proposed. It consists in methanol regeneration with further deep catalytic oxidation of methanol residue quantit

Market prospects sports services

Investments in innovation play the greatest role in the emerging market of sports services. The financial crisis that hit the economic, social, pension system, makes it necessary to reform and innovation in this areaИнвестиции в инновации играют наибольшую роль на развивающемся рынке физкультурных услуг. Финансовый кризис, поразивший экономическую, социальную, пенсионную систему, делает необходимым проведение реформ и развитие инноваций в данном направлени

System service quality sports complex

With the development of a sports complex special attention should be paid to the development of marketing strategy and differentiation of services, as in this industry need to consider the need to develop a set of rules and guidelines in the preparation of the list of services and their breakdown by price pointПри развитии спортивного комплекса особое внимание нужно уделить разработке рыночной стратегии и дифференцировке услуг, так как в этой отрасли необходимо учитывать потребность в разработке свода правил и рекомендаций при составлении перечня услуг и их разбивки по ценовым позиция

Synthesis of High-Purity Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method

Colloidal silica (silica sol) nanoparticles were synthesized by ammonia- and hydrochloric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane with subsequent condensation and polymerization. Silica particles with the size of 12‒160 nm were obtained at different temperatures and ratios of the initial reactants and studied by means of TEM, AFM, IR spectroscopy and zeta-potential measurements. The reaction conditions providing the minimum particle size in the final product of the most complete hydrolysis were determined. At pH above 8.5, an increase in the SiO2 content of the sol to 23 wt.% did not change the particle size. At a low (~ 1.8 wt.%) SiO2 content of the sol, a wide variation in pH also did not exert a significant effect on the particle size. Stability of the silica sols synthesized in an alkaline medium was enhanced by the replacement of alcohol with water during evaporation at pH 8.5‒9.5. The possibility to produce silica sols with the required characteristics (particle size, pH, stability, purity, and SiO2 content in an aqueous or alcohol medium) makes them applicable in various industries

High-Performance Mn-Al-O Catalyst on Reticulated Foam Materials for Environmentally Friendly Catalytic Combustion

MnOx supported on alumina and La2O3-modified alumina have been prepared and characterized as methane combustion catalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has revealed the significant low-temperature interaction between MnOx and alumina, resulting in a solid solution Mn-La-γ*-Al2O3 and a hexaaluminate formation upon thermal treatment at 900-1000 ºC and 1300 ºC, respectively. Mn-Al-O and Mn-La-Al-O catalysts washcoated on highly porous reticulated foam materials (RFM) have been prepared by two methods, such as: 1) a wet impregnation of a washcoating alumina layer on RFM by Mn and La nitrate solutions, 2) a dip coating of RFM into Mn-La-Al-containing suspension. The chemical compositions of RFM were cordierite, Ni, and NiCr-alloy. The catalytic activity of washcoated RFM in the methane combustion has been compared with one of granulated catalysts. The influence of alumina form (γ-Al2O3, (γ+χ)-Al2O3, α-Al2O3), manganese loading (5 and 10 wt.%), modifying agent (La2O3) on catalytic activity have been studied. Catalytic performances of Mn-Al-O and Mn-La-Al-O catalysts washcoated on RFM and pretreated in methane-containing atmosphere at 1100 ºC have been investigated. The Mn-Al-O catalyst modified by La2O3 and supported on RFM have been tested in a prototype catalytic water heating boiler and demonstrated a considerable reduction in the emissions of NOx and CO compared to the conventional household boilers. The washcoating of the Mn-La-Al-O catalyst over surface of RFM provides a substantial reduction of toxic  emissions during the catalytic fuel combustion. While an optimal foam structure and composition of the RFM provide improved heat and mass transfer properties of the catalyst in fuel combustion

Copper Sorption by Coal Substances from Aqueous Solutions

The copper cations sorption by brown coal, humic acids and residual coal samples after the extraction of humic acid was studied by using the methods of spectroscopy FT-IR, EPR, Solid State CP/MAS 13C-NMR. Samples of lignite (brown coal) of the Tisulsky deposit (TL) of Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin (Russia), its naturaloxidized form (NOLF), as well as samples of the humic acids (HA) extracted from them, and the residual coal after the extraction of humic acids (RC) were used as sorbents. The copper cations sorption process by the investigated samples depends on contribution of several mechanisms in varying degrees. It may be an ion exchange; complexation with the functional groups of the electron donor; complexation to form the bond Mez+ – HA due to the presence of the free π-electrons on the surface. The quantity of adsorbed copper cations depends on the functional and structural composition of the investigated samples. The copper cations sorption by the coals, humic acids and residual coals reduces the number of paramagnetic centers in the samples and the intensity of the NMR spectra. The copper cations sorption by HA from TL is determined by the significant contribution of the ion exchange process. HA from NOLF; initial TL and NOLF; RC TL and RC NOLF sorb copper cations mainly due to the formation of complexes with individual functional groups and the negatively charged surface portions. The data of 13C-NMR and EPR studies have shown that the aromatic structures make the main contribution to the complexation

Methods of the Synthesis of Silicon-Containing Nanoparticles Intended for Nucleic Acid Delivery

A promising new approach to the treatment of viral infections and genetic diseases associated with damaged or foreign nucleic acids in the body is gene therapy, i.e., the use of antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, deoxyribozymes, siRNA, plasmid DNA, etc. (therapeutic nucleic acids). Selective recognition of target nucleic acids by these compounds based on highly specific complementary interaction can minimize negative side effects, which occur with currently used low molecular weight drugs. To apply a new generation of therapeutic agents in medical practice, it is necessary to solve the problem of their delivery into cells. Silicon-containing nanoparticles are considered as promising carriers for this purpose due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, ability to biodegradation and excretion from the body, as well as the simplicity of the synthesis and modification. Silicon-containing nanoparticles are divided into two broad categories: solid (nonporous) and mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSN). This review gives a brief overview of the creation of mesoporous, multilayer, and other silicon-based nanoparticles. The publications concerning solid silicon-organic nanoparticles capable of binding and delivering nucleic acids into cells are discussed in more detail with emphasis on methods for their synthesis. The review covers publications over the past 15 years, which describe the classical Stöber method, the microemulsion method, modification of commercial silica nanoparticles, and other strategies