70 research outputs found
Kinetic equations for ultrarelativistic particles in a Robertson-Walker Universe and isotropization of relict radiation by gravitational interactions
Kinetic equations for ultrarelativistic particles with due account of
gravitational interactions with massive particles in the Robertson-Walker
universe are obtained. On the basis of an exact solution of the kinetic
equations thus obtained, a conclusion is made as to the high degree of the
uniformity of the relict radiation on scales with are less than .Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, 13 reference
ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ«ΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ‘Π£ΠΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π’Π
Relevance. Today, every state considers the problem of economic growth is the key, and in modern conditions of globalization and integration processes, the occurrence of crisis situations, increasing the likelihood of risks, limited natural resources, growing global competition, this problem is of fundamental importance. These tendencies also bring to the fore the necessity of choosing the most optimal forms of state regulation, ensuring the rational combination of market mechanisms and administrative interference in the economy.Purpose. Development of theoretical provisions and identification of the main directions of the evolution of the state regulations forms of intensification of economic growth on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of their impact on the economy.Methods. As a methodological basis of research were used methods of systematization, structuring of information, correlation and regression analysis, a system approach.Results. The article shows that state regulation of economy in market conditions is a necessary system of standard measures of legislative, executive and supervisory nature performed by the competent state bodies and public organizations in order to stabilize and adapt the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions. On the basis of systematization and generalization of theoretical and practical aspects of state regulation in Russia and in foreign countries we identified trends and patterns of state regulation of the intensification of regional economic growth, assessed their impact using the authorβs method of regression analysis that allowed to identify the priority forms of state regulation. The approach proposed in the article for identification of the relationship between the resultant indicators of state regulation and the factor indicators that affected the results. It allows us to determine primary tools of macro-regulation.Conclusions. Our research demonstrates the need to implement various forms of state regulation in existing conditions of growing crisis trends, globalization, and geopolitical tensions. The preferable direction of state regulation is the intensification of economic growth β the fundamental factor of economic security and global competitiveness.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ
Charged multifluids in general relativity
The exact 1+3 covariant dynamical fluid equations for a multi-component
plasma, together with Maxwell's equations are presented in such a way as to
make them suitable for a gauge-invariant analysis of linear density and
velocity perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model. In the case
where the matter is described by a two component plasma where thermal effects
are neglected, a mode representing high-frequency plasma oscillations is found
in addition to the standard growing and decaying gravitational instability
picture. Further applications of these equations are also discussed.Comment: 14 pages (example added), to appear in Class. Quantum Gra
Effect of X-ray suppression system upon parameters of electrostatic accelerator ion beam
Experimental study results are presented for a beam profile and emittance of an electrostatic accelerator βSokolβ before and after being equipped with magnet X-ray suppression system
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