Effects of experimental domestication of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on vocal behaviour

This paper systematizes and generalizes a research cycle devoted to studying the acoustics and vocal behaviour of silver foxes that differ in their tolerance to humans. The research revealed that 50-year selection for tameness toward people resulted in selective use by Tame foxes toward humans of two call types, pant and cackle. At the same time, the selected for aggression toward people Aggressive foxes and the non-selected for behaviour Control foxes, selectively use toward humans cough and snort. Thus, call types representing vocal indicators of friendly and aggressive behaviour of foxes toward humans have been revealed by the research. Nevertheless, experimental domestication did not change vocal behaviour of foxes toward conspecifics; all three strains did not differ by their vocal behaviour toward same-strain silver foxes. Relationship has been investigated between vocal behaviour and degree of tolerance toward people for hybrids between Tame and Aggressive foxes and for backcrosses to Tame and Aggressive foxes. Effect was estimated between fox sex and the degree of human impact on focal fox for variables of fox vocal behaviour. The research revealed the universal for mammals vocal indicators of emotional arousal that are independent of the emotional valence. Characteristics of vocal behaviour that are related with positive and negative emotional valence have been revealed. A simple and effective method for estimating animal discomfort based on ”joint calls” that takes into account the characteristics of all calls irrespective of their acoustic structure has been revealed. The obtained results provide a basis for further comparative studies of the acoustic structure and vocal behaviour for other taxa of the genus Vulpes and the related canid genera (Canis, Cuon, Lycaon)

Kind granddaughters of angry grandmothers: The effect of domestication on vocalization in cross-bred silver foxes

a b s t r a c t The genetic basis of the effects of domestication has previously been examined in relation to morphological, physiological and behavioural traits, but not for vocalizations. According t

Synthesis and Testing of Abscisic Acid with Predominant Replacement of Protium Atoms by Tritium in the Cyclohexene Moiety

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Abstract: A procedure for tritiation of predominantly the cyclohexene moiety of abscisic acid was developed. Tritium was introduced by isotope exchange reaction with 100% tritiated water at 220°C in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The yield of abscisic acid was 50%, and the specific activity was 30.5 Ci/mmol. The labeled product was tested. It was shown that tritiated abscisic acid synthesized by the proposed method did not differ from the unlabeled precursor and could be used for biological assays

EXPERIENCE OF USING WEBINARS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMS OF ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HYGIENE AND PROFESSIONAL DISEASES WITH A COURSE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL TRAINING AND SPORTS MEDICINE

The article is devoted to the experience of conducting webinars for the implementation of programs of additional professional training of doctors at the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases with a course of physiotherapy, exercise therapy and sports medicine of USMU. The main advantages of webinars over traditional forms of teaching are shown, among which the expansion of the geography of the contingent of students is important. The conditions for the successful application of telecommunication technologies in the educational process are given.Рассмотрен опыт проведения вебинаров для реализации программ дополнительного профессионального обучения врачей на кафедре гигиены и профессиональных болезней с курсом физиотерапии, ЛФК и спортивной медицины УГМУ. Показаны основные преимущества вебинаров перед традиционными формами преподавания, в частности расширение географии контингента слушателей. Приведены условия успешного применения телекоммуникационных технологий в образовательном процессе

Fungicide resistance of <i>Microdochium nivale</i> strains and its interconnection with virulence

The aim of the study was to analyze the resistance of 21 Microdochium nivale strains (fungi that cause pink snow mold in winter crops), living within a single area and a single crop (winter rye), to fungicides that differ in chemical nature and mechanisms of action as well as to test the interconnection between levels of virulence and fungicide resistance of strains. The virulence of M. nivale strains was determined on detached leaves of rye (Ogonek variety) plants as well as on whole plants grown under sterile conditions in vitro. The resistance of strains to fungicides (Provisor (a.s. azoxystrobin) and Ferazim (a.s. carbendazim)) was determined by inhibition of mycelium growth. As a result of the experiments, more strains (13) capable of growing in the presence of Provisor were revealed than Ferazim-resistant strains (2); however, Ferazim-resistant strains had a greater level of resistance (5-16% of growth inhibition) than Provisor-resistant strains (63-94 % of growth inhibition). A negative correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient -0.604 and -0.532) between the level of virulence of M. nivale strains and the level of their susceptibility to Provisor was found. This evidently means that the acquisition of resistance to Provisor by M. nivale strains is accompanied by an increase in their virulence. No correlations were found between the fungicide resistance of M. nivale strains and their attribution to one or another phylogenetic group, to which the strains were assigned based on the nucleotide sequence of the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) region. The study shows that for choosing the fungicide application strategy, it is necessary to analyze phytopathogen populations for the presence of strains that are simultaneously characterized by high virulence and resistance to various fungicides and also take into account that the adaptation of fungi to certain fungicides can be accompanied by an increase in their virulence, which will negatively affect the phytopathological state of agrocenosis

Experimental-Calculated Establishment of Load-Speed Modes of Operation of UHMWPE and Composite On its Basis

Выявлены закономерности изнашивания, позволяющие определить работоспособность разработанных полимерных материалов на основе СВМПЭ в подшипниковых узлах трения при изменении режимов эксплуатации. Предельно допустимые режимы эксплуатации материалов подтверждены математическими расчетамиThe regularities of wear are revealed, which make it possible to determine the performance of the developed polymeric materials based on UHMWPE in bearing friction units when operating modes change. The maximum allowable modes of operation of materials are confirmed by mathematical calculation

Differentially activated B cells develop regulatory phenotype and show varying immunosuppressive features: a comparative study

Regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) are B cells with well-pronounced immunosuppressive properties, allowing them to suppress the activity of effector cells. A broad repertoire of immunosuppressive mechanisms makes Bregs an attractive tool for adoptive cell therapy for diseases associated with excessive activation of immune reactions. Such therapy implies Breg extraction from the patient’s peripheral blood, ex vivo activation and expansion, and further infusion into the patient. At the same time, the utility of Bregs for therapeutic approaches is limited by their small numbers and extremely low survival rate, which is typical for all primary B cell cultures. Therefore, extracting CD19+ cells from the patient’s peripheral blood and specifically activating them ex vivo to make B cells acquire a suppressive phenotype seems to be far more productive. It will allow a much larger number of B cells to be obtained initially, which may significantly increase the likelihood of successful immunosuppression after adoptive Breg transfer. This comparative study focuses on finding ways to efficiently manipulate B cells in vitro to differentiate them into Bregs. We used CD40L, CpG, IL4, IL21, PMA, and ionomycin in various combinations to generate immunosuppressive phenotype in B cells and performed functional assays to test their regulatory capacity. This work shows that treatment of primary B cells using CD40L + CpG + IL21 mix was most effective in terms of induction of functionally active regulatory B lymphocytes with high immunosuppressive capacity ex vivo

Clinical case of occupational chronic manganese intoxication

The purpose of the study is to study the features of the course of chronic occupational manganese intoxication on the example of a clinical case.Цель исследования – изучить особенности течения хронической профессиональной интоксикации марганцем на примере клинического случая

On the issue of assessing the cardiovascular risks of workers of the copper smelting shop

The aim of the study – to assess the risks of complications of diseases of the cardiovascular system in workers of the copper smelting shopЦель исследования – оценить сердечно-сосудистые риски у рабочих медеплавильного цех

Label-free characterization of white blood cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging and flow-cytometry: molecular heterogeneity and erythrophagocytosis [Invited]

Article reporting the results of blood cell characterization using label-free fluorescence imaging techniques and flow-cytometry. Autofluorescence parameters of different cell types – white blood cells, red blood cells, erythrophagocytic cells – are assessed and analyzed in terms of molecular heterogeneity and possibilities of differentiation between different cell types in vitro and in vivo