MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS MARKET IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Article features statistical analysis of current state and prospects of meat and meatproducts market in Russia in the conditions of unstable environment. The role of meat production in the context of foodsecurity in Russia is characterized, thebasic guidelines for ensuring food securityin the field of meat and meat products aresystematized. According to the dynamics of meat production in Russia, Box-Jenkinsseasonal model was constructed. Short-term forecasts of meat production werecalculated on the base of the model

РЫНОК МЯСА И МЯСОПРОДУКТОВ В РОССИИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Article features statistical analysis of current state and prospects of meat and meatproducts market in Russia in the conditions of unstable environment. The role of meat production in the context of foodsecurity in Russia is characterized, thebasic guidelines for ensuring food securityin the field of meat and meat products aresystematized. According to the dynamics of meat production in Russia, Box-Jenkinsseasonal model was constructed. Short-term forecasts of meat production werecalculated on the base of the model.В статье проведен статистический анализ состояния и перспектив развития российского рынка мяса и мясопродуктов в условиях неустойчивой внешней среды. Охарактеризована роль производства мяса в контексте продовольственной безопасности России, систематизированы основные направленияобеспеченияпродовольственнойбезопасностивобластимясаи мясопродуктов. Выполненопостроение сезонной модели Бокса-Дженкинса на основании динамики производства мяса в России, на основе полученной модели рассчитаны краткосрочные прогнозы объемов производства мяса

Diversity and distribution of mobile genetic elements in marine invertebrates genomes

Mobile genetic elements (MGE) play an important role in genome structure and gene expression changes. All types of MGE are subdivided to two classes – retrotransposons and DNA-transposons. MGE were found in genomes of all main taxa of marine invertebrates and are represented by both classes. MGEs were found in genomes of Cnidaria species: Aurelia aurita, Acropora millepora, A. palmata, A. digitifera, Nematostella vectensis. MGE were studied in two flatworms (Platyhelminthes) species - Stylochus zebra and Bdelloura candida. In Annelida taxa, MGE were studied for Capitella capitata species. Echinodermata were represented in the review study by species Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, S. franciscanus, S. drobachiensis, Tripneustes gratilla, Lytechinus pictus, L. variegatus, Arbacia punctulata, and Eucidaris tribuloides. A quantity of MGE in Mollusca was studied for following species: Mytilus galloprovincialis, Chione cancellata, Crassostrea gigas, C. virginica, Anadara trapezia, Aplysia californica, Gibbula cineraria, Littorina littorea, and L. saxatilis. The type of Arthropoda is the most studied for MGE presence. MGE presence was studied for following Arthropoda species: Bythograea thermydron, Ventiella sulfuris, Maia brachydactila, Cancer pagurus, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Penaeus monodon, P. vannamei, Litopenaeus stylirostris, Agononida laurentae, Galathea squamifera, Munida acantha, M. thoe, M. gregaria, M. zebra, Munidopsis recta, Eumunida annulosa, E. sternomaculata, and Rimicaris exoculata. A part of Chordata taxon, which is not included in Vertebrata subtupe, was studied too. This part was represented in the review by species Ciona intestinalis, Oikopleura dioica, and Branchiostoma floridae. A diversity of MGEs and their characters and its role in ontogenesis, in evolution and in changes of functions of genes and genomes were discussed

АНАЛИЗ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СТРУКТУРЫ МИГРАЦИОННОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

This article analyzes the migration flows. Some details for the structure of migration in Russia. Calculations to assess the changes and shifts in the pattern ofmigration.Статьяпосвященаанализумиграционных потоков. Подробно рассмотрены различные структуры миграции населенияв России. Произведены расчеты пооценкеизмененийисдвиговвструктурах миграции населения

Severe Diverticulitis Associated to <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection in a 91 Year Old Patient (Clinical Case)

Aim. To present a clinical case of a 91-year-old patient with a severe course of diverticulitis combined with the development of Clostridioides difficile-associated disease.Key points. On admission the patient complained of pain in the left iliac region, increased body temperature, constipation and bloating. The medical history showed that constipation increased on the background of prolonged bed rest and discontinuation of psyllium. According to the laboratory and instrumental examinations, the patient had signs of acute diverticulitis, antibacterial therapy was corrected twice, positive dynamics of the condition was noted. However, a few days later, the patient developed a clinic of C. difficile-associated disease, which required the prescription of anticlostridial therapy (vancomycin), until the laboratory confirmation of the accession of this infection was obtained. Combined therapy of exacerbation of diverticular disease and C. difficile-associated disease made it possible to achieve a steady improvement of the condition.Conclusion. The exclusion of possible development of C. difficile-associated disease on the background or prior antibiotic therapy is an important condition for correct and adequate management of a patient with exacerbation of diverticular disease. If the patient develops a clinical picture of C. difficile-associated disease, treatment may be initiated before laboratory confirmation

EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION ON WEAKING PROPERTIES OF WOOD

The article discusses the feasibility of pre-treatment of wood by ultraviolet radiation. Samples of the two types of wood (pine and beech) were subjected to ultraviolet radiation treatment in air. After a period of exposure to the radiation source timber, wettability and surface free energy of both types of wood has increased significantly. It is assumed that the UV irradiation is the process of destruction of the surface layer of wood.Работа выполнялась при поддержке Гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых – докторов наук (МД-5596.2016.8)

Evaluating the impact of an automotive generator on the automobile fuel rate

The car generator provides electricity to the on-board network by converting the energy of the car engine. The analysis of publications made it possible to establish that reducing fuel consumption for driving a car generator is an urgent task. On a number of vehicles, the task is implemented using intelligent voltage regulators, as well as electronic control units for a car generator or power supply system. Malfunctions of the power supply system that occur during operation (short circuit of the battery, short circuits in the wiring or windings of the generator) can reduce the efficiency of electronic device control algorithms and significantly affect the amount of fuel consumption. Most modern cars are not equipped with devices for monitoring the operation of the power supply system, which can lead to the operation of a vehicle with increased fuel consumption. The solution to this problem can be an on-board monitoring system for the power supply system, which makes it possible to prevent the operation of vehicles with increased fuel consumption and reduce environmental and economic damage. The aim of the work is to establish the relationship between the mode of operation of the car generator (including its deactivation) and fuel consumption when the vehicle is moving. The experimental technique involves determining the hourly fuel consumption using an electronic engine control unit, the generator current and the voltage of the on-board network while the car is moving along a flat straight road at a uniform speed. The value of fuel consumption during the operation of the minimum required number of consumers has been experimentally established. A load cycle has been developed that determines the sequence and duration of switching on the regular consumers of the car. It was determined that the average value of fuel consumption, while maintaining the driving conditions of the vehicle and applying the load mode, increased by 9%, however, the inclusion of powerful consumers caused an increase in fuel consumption by 44%. Forced deactivation of the automobile generator allowed to reduce fuel consumption by an average of 9%. The results of determining the fuel consumption during the movement of a vehicle, the load on the generator of which corresponds to the developed load cycle, have a scientific novelty. Further research will be devoted to determining fuel consumption in emergency situations in the vehicle power supply system

Transsphenoidal endoscopic appro ach in the treat ment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak

Introduction. Spontaneous nasal liquorrhea is a pathological condition associated with defect between nasal cavity and intracranial structures that lead to the expiration of the CSF from the nasal cavity.The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal approach in the CSF leak treatment.Material and methods. For the period from 2008 to 2018, 38 patients with spontaneous nasal liquorrhea were examined and treated in Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, the clinic of neurosurgery of Kirov Medical Institute and Almazov National Medical Research Centre. All patients underwent plastic surgery of the CSF fistula by endoscopic endonasal aproach.Results. Only in 4 cases, there was a large defect, the failure of the closure of which required repeated surgical intervention in 1–2 weeks after the initial operation.Conclusion. The use of autologous tissues (muscle or fat autograft) is the method of choice for repeated surgical plastics of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula or in a large size defect (more than 5 mm)

Asymptomatic Post-Traumatic Rupture of the Right Diaphragm Dome

Aim.  This paper is aimed at presenting the materials of clinical observations associated with diagnosing rare-occurring ruptures of the right dome of the diaphragm that have been overlooked for a long period.Results.  A 61-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure. Chest radiograph revealed a high position of the right dome of the diaphragm. Computed tomography revealed a defect in the central parts of the diaphragm on the right, the liver was rotated outward with its visceral surface deployed anteriorly and upward. In the right thoracic cavity, anterior to the liver, were the loops of the intestine and the outlet of the stomach.More than 30 years before, the patient had experienced an explosive trauma, which might have caused a rupture in the right dome of the diaphragm. A 70-year-old man, a smoker with a ten-year history of hypertension, was hospitalized with an increase in dyspnea, a cough with the discharge of purulent sputum, the feeling of heaviness behind the sternum. Chest radiograph revealed a high standing of the right dome of the diaphragm at the level of 3rd rib with a decrease in the volume of the right lung, and an increase in cardiac silhouette (cardiothoracic index 0.64). Computed tomography revealed a high standing of the right dome of the diaphragm as well as the compression of the middle and lower lobe of the right lung with the presence of compression atelectasis. The liver was rotated, displaced into the right thoracic cavity, the deformation of the inferior vena cava to the right was visualized due to the displacement and rotation of the liver. The consolidated fractures of 10th–12th ribs on the right were visualized. The patient had had a chest injury resulting from a traffic accident about 15 years before, with no X-ray examination having been conducted at that time.Conclusion.  In the case of left-sided diaphragm ruptures, which are much more frequent than the right-sided ones, the stomach, large and small intestines as well as spleen are displaced into the thoracic cavity. In the case of rightsided diaphragm ruptures, the liver and gallbladder are displaced into the thoracic cavity. Right-sided posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernias that are not diagnosed at the time of injury or trauma and continue to be asymptomatic for a number of years are very rare. The sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography for the diagnosis of diaphragm ruptures is 61–87 % and 72–100 %, respectively. In an acute period, the treatment of diaphragm ruptures is surgical. However, in long-term asymptomatic ruptures, expectant management is possible, particularly if the risk of surgical treatment is high